Abstract
Tacca is a genus of several species reported to have potential as a new therapeutic agent with toxic properties for several cells. Jalawure and gadung tikus are two species from the Tacca genus that can be found in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the level of acute toxicity of jalawure and gadung tikus by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model. The sample was extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. The acute toxicity test was carried out by using fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test protocol No. 236, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 96 hr of static exposure using the negative control group (medium embryo), the test solution group (extract) and the positive control group (3,4-dichloroaniline 4 µg/ml). The result of acute toxicity of extract against zebrafish embryos demonstrated that LC50 of jalawure leaf extract 26.06 ± 0.31 µg/ml, jalawure stem extract 251.52 ± 6.15 µg/ml, jalawure corm extract 463.24 ± 9.68 µg/ml, gadung tikus leaf extract 15.04 ± 0.15 µg/ml, gadung tikus stem extract 263.73 ± 6.58 µg/ml, and gadung tikus corm extract 17.71 ± 0.12 µg/ml. Embryo coagulation was the endpoint that was most commonly found in almost all extracts. Gadung tikus leaves extract, gadung tikus corm extract and jalawure leaves extract expressed moderate toxicity level.
Full text article
References
Abdel-Aziz, A., Brain, K., Blunden, G., Crabb, T., Bashir, A. 1990. Steroidal Sapogenins from Tacca leontopetaloides. Planta Medica, 56(02):218–221. ISSN: 0032-0943, 1439-0221.
Avdesh, A., Chen, M., Martin-Iverson, M. T., Mondal, A., Ong, D., Rainey-Smith, S., Taddei, K., Lardelli, M., Groth, D. M., Verdile, G., Martins, R. N. 2012. Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Laboratory: An Introduction. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 69(69):1–8. ISSN: 1940- 087X.
Belyaeva, N. F., Kashirtseva, V. N., Medvedeva, N. V., Khudoklinova, Y. Y., Ipatova, O. M., Archakov, A. I. 2009. Zebrafish as a model system for biomedical studies. Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry, 3(4):343–350. ISSN: 1990-7508, 1990-7516.
Busquet, F., Braunbeck, T., Lilicarp, A., Kleensang, A. 2013. OECD guidelines for the testing of chemical 236 - fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 236:2–22.
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019. E3 Medium (for Zebrafish Embryos). pages 15. ISSN: 1559-6095, Accessed on: 15 Dec 2019.
Elsheikh, S. H., Bashir, A. K., Suliman, S. M., Wassila, M. E. 1990. Toxicity of certain Sudanese Plant Extracts to Cercariae and Miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. International Journal of Crude Drug Research, 28(4):241–245. ISSN: 0167-7314.
Harper, C., Lawrence, C. 2011. The Laboratory of Zebrafish. pages 27–59. London CRC Press. ISBN 9781439807439.
Hassan, S. M., Moussa, E. A., Abbott, L. C. 2008. Effects of Quillaja Saponin (Quillaja saponaria) on Early Embryonic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Development. International Journal of Toxicology, 27(3):273–278. ISSN: 1091-5818, 1092-874X.
Howe, K., Clark, M., Torraja, C. 2013. The zebrafish references genome sequences and relationship to the human genome. Nature, 496(13), page:20.
Jamshidi-Kia, F., Lorigooini, Z., Amini-Khoei, H. 2018. Medicinal plants: Past history and future perspective. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 7(1):1–7. ISSN: 2345-5004.
Jiang, J., Yang, H., Wang, Y., Chen, Y. 2014. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of the Genus Tacca: A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(4):635–635. ISSN: 1596-5996, 1596-9827.
Kanungo, J., Cuevas, E., Ali, S., Paule, M. 2014. Zebrafish Model in Drug Safety Assessment. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(34):5416–5429. ISSN: 1381-6128.
Kovriznych, J. A., Sotnikova, R., Zeljenkova, D., Rollerova, E., Szabova, E., Wimmerova, S. 2013. Acute toxicity of 31 different nanoparticles to zebrafish (Danio rerio) tested in adulthood and early life stages-a comparative study. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 6(2):67–73.
Li, J., Risinger, A. L., Mooberry, S. L. 2014. Taccalonolide microtubule stabilizers. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 22(18):5091–5096. ISSN: 0968-0896.
Peng, J., Risinger, A. L., Fest, G. A., Jackson, E. M., Helms, G., Polin, L. A., Mooberry, S. L. 2011. Identification and Biological Activities of New Taccalonolide Microtubule Stabilizers. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54(17):6117–6124. ISSN: 0022-2623, 1520-4804.
Risinger, A. L., Mooberry, S. L. 2010. Taccalonolides: Novel microtubule stabilizers with clinical potential. Cancer Letters, 291(1):14–19. ISSN: 0304-3835.
Tinley, T. L., Randall-Hlubek, D. A., Leal, R. M., Jackson, E. M., Cessac, J. W., Quada, J. C., Hemscheidt, T. K., Mooberry, S. L. 2003. Taccalonolides E and A plant-derived steroids with microtubule-stabilizing activity. Cancer Research, 63(12):3211–3220.
Yin, S.-Y., Wei, W.-C., Jian, F.-Y., Yang, N.-S. 2013. Therapeutic Applications of Herbal Medicines for Cancer Patients. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013:1–15. ISSN: 1741- 427X, 1741-4288.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.