A study on sacral index and its uses in sex determination

Gunapriya Raghunath; Yuvaraj M; Aishwarya V; Balaji K; Karthikeyan G; Vijayakumar J; Vandana K; Kumaresan M

Gunapriya Raghunath ⁽¹⁾ , Yuvaraj M ⁽²⁾ , Aishwarya V ⁽³⁾ , Balaji K ⁽⁴⁾ , Karthikeyan G ⁽⁵⁾ , Vijayakumar J ⁽⁶⁾ , Vandana K ⁽⁷⁾ , Kumaresan M ⁽⁸⁾

(1) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(2) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(3) Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(4) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(5) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(6) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(7) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India ,

(8) Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105, Tamilnadu, India, India

Issue
Vol. 11 No. (SPL 2) (2020): Volume 11 Issue (SPL 2)

Keywords:

Anthropology, Sacral Index, Sacrum, Sex determination

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Abstract

The human sacrum is a complex structure and provides accommodation for spinal nerves which stabilises the pelvis. Morphometric measurements of sacrum determine the sex of the individual. The measurement of sacral index using the sacrum bone is considered as one of the best methods for determination of sex. The aim of this study is to find out the importance of sacral index in sexual dimorphism and to compare the findings with various age groups. 100 fully ossified sacral bones were collected from department of Anatomy. Average sacral length and breadth were taken by using sliding Vernier caliper and sacral index was calculated. The obtained values were tabulated against their respective parameters and then interpreted for the study. Avergae sacral index in females (109) is significantly greater than males (94). As per present study sacral index can reliably identify 58% of male sacrum and 42% of female sacrum. It is therefore a quite reliable and significant criteria for sex determination of sacrum. Thus, regional and racial differences in sacrum along with sacral index can be used for anatomical, medico-legal and anthropological purposes.