A rare case on Rheumatic Heart Disease with Urosepsis and Septic shock

Abstract

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory disease that mostly occurs in children of 5-15 years old. The major complications of RHD include arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, stroke, infective endocarditis, cardiac failure, and also noted that problems increased in pregnancy. This is a rare case of RHD and urosepsis in a 67- year- old patient with a known history of cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary Arteriovenous (AV) malformation, acute renal failure, and hyponatremia presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, severe breathlessness, and cough. The patient initially showed clinical manifestations of elevated inflammatory markers, neutrophilic leucocytosis, and hyponatremia, indicating septic shock. Our patient had been empirically treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam because of the clinical features of urosepsis with septic shock. Based on Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture with non-fermenter Presumptive Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species and culture sensitivity report antibiotics were changed to Colistin and meropenem. The presence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR Kp) entails stopping meropenem and adding tigecycline. Further creatinine clearance declined, and the drug Colistin was changed to Polymixin B. Meropenem was readministered based on the culture reports with scanty growth of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis. Rational use of antibiotics along with the appropriate supportive measures is a meaningful measure in treating a rare and complicated condition of RHD with urosepsis.