Insight of Codon usage bias and Evolutionary rate among the genes C, E, prM and NS5 of the Kyasanur Forest Disease virus

Mallikarjun S Beelagi (1) , Uma Bharathi Indrabalan (2) , Sharanagouda S Patil (3) , Suresh K P (4) , Shiva Prasad Kollur (5) , Ashwini Prasad (6) , Chandrashekar Srinivasa (7) , Chandan Shivamallu (8)
(1) Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India, India ,
(2) ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India, India ,
(3) ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India, India ,
(4) ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India, India ,
(5) Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Karnataka – 570 026, India, India ,
(6) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India, India ,
(7) Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere Karnataka-577 007, India, India ,
(8) Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India, India

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Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): Volume 12 Issue 3
Keywords:
    KFD Virus, Codon Usage Bias, Evolutionary Characteristics Analysis, Positive Selection, tMRCA
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Abstract

Kyasanur Forest Disease was first evolved in the Kyasanur forest, Karnataka. The transmission of the virus has occurred from the monkey to the human by the tick vector. On the early day of viral spread, the disease was restricted to the surrounded region of Kyasanur forest, Shimoga district. But in the present days, the disease has been spreading to neighboring districts and states as well. So, this study involves estimation of codon bias among the gene C, gene E, gene prM, and gene NS5 of the KFD virus and rate of evolution with phylogenetic analysis. The codon usage analysis has revealed the moderate codon bias among all the selected genes and the role of mutation pressure in genes- C and E and natural selection in genes- prM and NS5. Also, the tMRCA age was 1942, 1982, 1975, and 1931 of genes- C, E, prM, and NS5, respectively, of the KFD virus. The integrated analysis of codon usage bias and evolutionary rate analysis signifies that both mutational pressure and natural selection among the selected genes of the KFD virus.

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Authors

Mallikarjun S Beelagi
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India
Uma Bharathi Indrabalan
ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India
Sharanagouda S Patil
ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India
Suresh K P
ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, India
Shiva Prasad Kollur
Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Karnataka – 570 026, India
Ashwini Prasad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India
Chandrashekar Srinivasa
Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere Karnataka-577 007, India
Chandan Shivamallu
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-570015, India
chandans@jssuni.edu.in (Primary Contact)
Mallikarjun S Beelagi, Uma Bharathi Indrabalan, Sharanagouda S Patil, Suresh K P, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Ashwini Prasad, Chandrashekar Srinivasa, & Chandan Shivamallu. (2021). Insight of Codon usage bias and Evolutionary rate among the genes C, E, prM and NS5 of the Kyasanur Forest Disease virus. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(3), 2028–2046. Retrieved from https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/176
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