Current treatment options for Parkinson’s disease and the existing status of nanotechnology

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with dopaminergic neuron degeneration and/or loss of neuronal activity. Current idiopathic PD treatments focus primarily on the use of pharmacological agents to improve PD patients ' motor symptoms. PD remains to be an incurable disease so far. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic approaches for PD therapy is of utmost significance. Several molecular and gene therapy methods have been established over the past 20 years to counteract or retard the development of PD. Severe side effects are found in many native therapies. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies remain in demand for development. Nanomedicine seems to be a significant medical application in nanotechnology that demonstrates promising future in drug delivery to the central nervous system. BBB stands throughout the central nervous system as a gateway to drug targeting. Drug delivery, based on nano-particles that always avoids Blood-Brain Barrier protection, Different potential therapies based on nanoparticles and nanosystems are explored various benefits. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of this field of PD-related therapies and significant breakthroughs. To do so, this review will begin by concentrating on PD characterization, pathophysiology, etiology and present therapy choices that subsequently cover molecular, gene therapy, and nanotechnology formulations that are currently being studied in animal PD models or lately tested in clinical trials.