Analyses of In-vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract in osteoblastic cell line-UMR-106

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with an estimated 7.8 lakh deaths in 2018 in India. Osteosarcoma, a primary tumour of the bone is the second highest cause of bone cancer related death in young people. It is treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery which cause side effects. Certain traditional plants may have antitumour activities. This research aimed to evaluate the invitro antioxidant and apoptosis induced activity of stem extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on osteoblastic cell line (UMR-106). Various extracts of CQ was subjected to phytochemical screening and antioxidant studies. Ethanolic extract of CQ showed maximum phytoconstituents and better antioxidant activity for both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and FRAP(Ferric reducing antioxidant potential) assay. The UMR-106 cell line was treated with different concentrations of the extract ranging from 25μg to 400μg for varying time periods. The dose and time optimization of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in the osteoblastic cell line (UMR-106) using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) which showed IC50 value with 200μg/ml at 24 hours. There was a reduction in the percentage of cells by 50% in the treated group by SRB assay showing the cytotoxic potency of the extract. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the extract of CQ induced apoptosis in UMR-106 cell line. Ethanolic extract of CQ has antioxidant effects, also inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in osteoblasts, suggesting that this might represent a novel and effective agent against bone cancer.