Analysis of the epizootic situation and improvement of the scheme for the specific prevention of anthrax

Ivanova S.V; Melnikova L. A; Rodionov A. P; Makaev Kh.N; Safina G.M; Murtazina G.Kh; Rodionov D.P; Smolentsev S.Yu

Ivanova S.V ⁽¹⁾ , Melnikova L. A ⁽²⁾ , Rodionov A. P ⁽³⁾ , Makaev Kh.N ⁽⁴⁾ , Safina G.M ⁽⁵⁾ , Murtazina G.Kh ⁽⁶⁾ , Rodionov D.P ⁽⁷⁾ , Smolentsev S.Yu ⁽⁸⁾

(1) Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Scientific City-2, 420075, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(2) Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Scientific City-2, 420075, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(3) Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Scientific City-2, 420075, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(4) Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Scientific City-2, 420075, Russia, India ,

(5) Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Scientific City-2, 420075, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(6) Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova Street 49, Kazan city, 420012, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(7) Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine by N.E. Bauman, Sibirsky tract 35, Kazan city, 420029, Russia, Russian Federation ,

(8) Mari State University, Lenin Square 1, Yoshkar-Ola city, 424000, Russia, Russian Federation

Issue
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): Volume 11 Issue 1

Keywords:

anthrax, Republic of Tatarstan, disease prevention, morbidity structure, monitoring, dysfunctional point

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Abstract

The article shows the epizootic situation for three periods (decades): from 1990 to 1999, from 2000 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2019. As a result of the studies, it has been established that since 1990, the 26 sporadic outbreaks of anthrax have occurred in the territory of the republic, 13 of them in territories where the disease was not previously recorded, which indicates the spread of the pathogen in the environment. Due to the special situation of anthrax, which consists of a large number of unidentified anthrax cattle burial grounds, as well as high density and activity of dysfunctional sites, the republican veterinary service recommended vaccinating an adult cattle population twice a year with an interval of 6 months: in spring and autumn, to create the maximum percentage of immune animals. In addition, a method has been introduced in the republic for assessing specific prophylaxis of anthrax, based on the detection of specific antibodies in the blood serum of an immunized livestock by an indirect hemagglutination test. This method allows the detection of animals that were skipped during vaccination and tolerant animals. Thanks to the joint work of veterinarians and scientists who improved the specific scheme for the prevention of anthrax, the republic managed to reduce the number of outbreaks of infection by 15 times, which allows us to predict further improvement in the epizootic situation for this infection.