Effect of nori, a combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) on blood pressure, modulation of ACE, eNOS and iNOS gene expression in hypertensive rats

Yani Mulyani (1) , Patonah Hasimun (2) , Hajar Sukmawati (3)
(1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Soekarno Hatta Street No. 754, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Soekarno Hatta Street No. 754, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhakti Kencana University, Soekarno Hatta Street No. 754, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia

Abstract

Hypertension is a major risk factor for causing life-threatening cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, coronary heart failure, kidney failure, and stroke. Its cases continue to increase worldwide and it is estimated that 1.56 billion adults would live with the condition in 2025. Therefore, this study aims to examine the antihypertensive effect of nori supplement prepared with a combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) on L-NAME-induced and non-induced rats. It was conducted for 28 days on 25 wistar rats that were randomly assigned to the negative, positive, comparison, supplement, and test control groups. CODA was then used in measuring the blood pressure of the rats, while ECG and PPG sensors were utilized for arterial stiffness assessment, as well as for spatial QRS-T and heart rate analysis. Additionally, serum NO levels were measured using griess reagents by spectrophotometric λ540 nm. At the same time, the gel-based PCR semi-quantitative method was used in assessing the activity of ACE, including eNOS and iNOS gene expression. The results showed that nori preparations which contained a combination of 5% turmeric and gotu kola in a feed mixture, had an antihypertensive effect. The effect was characterized by a decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, as well as heart rate, arterial stiffness, and spatial QRS-T. Additionally, it occurred due to increased NO availability, which resulted from eNOS expression as well as a decrease in iNOS and ACE expression.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Abdel-Rahman, R. F. 2017. Antihypertensive Effects of Roselle-Olive Combination in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.

Alwi, N. A. N. M. 2018. Antihypertensive effect of piper sarmentosum in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Sains Malaysiana, 47(10):2421–2428.

Antošsová, M., et al. 2015. The influence of L-NAME on iNOS expression and markers of oxidative stress in allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 838:1–10.

Bell, K., Olin, B. R., Twiggs, J. 2015. Hypertension: The Silent Killer: Updated JNC-8 Guideline. pages 1–8. Albama Pharmacy Association.

Bolivar, J. J. 2013. Essential hypertension: An approach to its etiology and neurogenic pathophysiology. International Journal of Hypertension.

Bunbupha, S., et al. 2014. Asiatic acid reduces blood pressure by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability with modulation of eNOS and p47phox expression in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Phytotherapy Research, 28(10):1506–1512.

Ferreira, A. J., et al. 2011. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Experimental Physiology, 96(3):287–294.

Greish, S. M. 2020. Protective potential of curcumin in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rat model: AT1R, mitochondrial DNA synergy. International Journal of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 12(5):134–146.

Hasimun, P., et al. 2020. Impact of Black Garlic on Biomarkers of Arterial Stiffness and Frontal QRS-T Angle on Hypertensive Animal Model. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 12(4):338–342.

Hasimun, P., et al. 2019. Prevention of Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness by Combination of Centella asiatica and Curcuma longa in Rats. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(2):173–179.

Kumar, M. S., Kumar, S., Raja, B. 2010. Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Potential of Borneol-A Natural Terpene in L-NAME - Induced Hypertensive Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives, 1(3):271–279.

Lee, J., et al. 2016. Altered Nitric Oxide System in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases. Chonnam Medical Journal, 52(2):81–90.

Maneesai, P., et al. 2016. Synergistic antihypertensive effect of carthamus tinctorius L. extract and captopril in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats via restoration of eNOS and AT1R expression. Nutrients, 8(3):1–14.

Ngo, D. H., et al. 2014. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from antihypertensive skate (Okamejei kenojei) skin gelatin hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Chemistry, 174:37–43.

Ntchapda, F., et al. 2020. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Adansonia digitata Stem Bark on the Development of Hypertension in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat Model. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Oehler, A., et al. 2014. QRS-T Angle: A Review. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 19(6):534–542.

Pantan, R., et al. 2019. Ethyl rosmarinate prevents the impairment of vascular function and morphological changes in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Medicina (Lithuania), 55(12):777.

Paulis, L. 2012. Direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation in N ω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-induced hypertension: The effect on pulse wave velocity and aortic remodeling. Hypertension, 59(2 Suppl. 1):485–492.

Sinha, N., Dabla, P. K. 2015. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in hypertension-a current review. Curr Hypertens Rev, 11(2):132–142.

Zakaria, H., Hasimun, P. 2017. Non-invasive pulse wave velocity measurement in curcuma. pages 95–98. Proceedings - 2017 International Seminar on Sensor, Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology: Innovation for the Advancement and Competitiveness of the Nation, ISSIMM 2017.

Zakaria, H., Hasimun, P. 2019. Frontal QRS-T Angle Measurement in Mice. pages 1–4. Proceeding - 2019 International Symposium on Electronics and Smart Devices, ISESD 2019.

Authors

Yani Mulyani
yani.mulyani@bku.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Patonah Hasimun
Hajar Sukmawati
Yani Mulyani, Patonah Hasimun, & Hajar Sukmawati. (2021). Effect of nori, a combination of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) on blood pressure, modulation of ACE, eNOS and iNOS gene expression in hypertensive rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(4), 2573–2581. Retrieved from https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/499

Article Details

No Related Submission Found