Analytical techniques and integrated microbial remediation of microplastic from aquatic system

Abstract

Larger plastic pieces are disposed of in the environment, where they become weathered and degraded, resulting in the formation of microplastics (MPs), which are ubiquitous and have been increasing globally. MPs less than 5 mm in size are found in various sources, including oceans, sediments, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, tap water, bottled water, air, food products, aquatic organisms, and humans. They mostly originate from terrestrial sources, with rivers serving as essential transfer routes. MPs have a high ability to be absorbed into biological cells, where they are transported along the food chain, with humans as the final consumers of these products. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the range of microplastic contamination in Aquatic system, focusing on the sources, types, distribution, and analytical methods used for their detection and quantification. This paper also explores the potential of plastic-degrading microorganisms for bioremediation by highlighting recent advances in the identification and characterization of plastic-degrading microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, isolated from contaminated Aquatic system, and discusses the environmental factors that influence the efficiency of microbial degradation. It also discusses future research directions and the necessity of improving the comparability and efficacy of the fight against microplastic contamination. There is an urgent need for improved waste management practices, and microbial bioremediation is considered a sustainable approach for reducing microplastic contamination in Aquatic system.