Gender Related Differences of Risk Factors and Angiographic Profile in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): A Single Centre Study

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess gender related differences of risk factors, clinical biomarker levels (troponin I) and angiographic profile of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). A single centre prospective cohort study was carried out for a period of one year. A total of 125 patients who underwent angiogram were selected for the study. Data were obtained on demographics, risk factors, angiogram results, troponin I levels and treatment modalities adopted. The study showed a significant male predominance (73.6%) with mean age of males, lower as compared to females. 54 (43.2%) male patients & 23 (18.4%) female patients were diagnosed with Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) whereas STEMI was diagnosed in 38 (30.4%) male & 10 (8%) female patients. Among various risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus were higher in women compared to men. Males had higher proportion of smokers (32.6%) which was found to be statistically significant. Single and double vessel diseases were commonly found in men compared to women. Among different treatment modalities women preferred medical treatment more and were not referred for urgent bypass surgery and angioplasty as often as men. Various risk factors for the development of ACS were identified from this study. This study also helped to explore the relationship between various risk factors, Troponin I levels, angiographic severity and treatment modalities of patients with ACS according to their gender.