Influence of Withania somnifera(L) Dunal Root Extract on Rat Kidney Exposed to Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phone: A Histopathological and Antioxidant Analysis
Article Sidebar
-
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), Oxidative Stress, Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Kidney, Withania somnifera
Abstract
This study is about to discover the consequences of 4G mobile phone emission on MDA, anti-oxidants, antioxidant marker, and histo-pathological variations in the kidney of rats.144 male rats were separated into four groups. The Group I is considered as the control group, Group II was subjected to mobile radiation 2400 MHz frequency range for 3 hours/day for the period of 6 months, Group III was as same as Group II but treated with 250 mg/kg aqueous extract of Withania somnifera root (Aq-Wsr) orally for 6 months. Group IV was given 250 mg/kg Aq-Wsr alone for 6 months. The animals were euthanized and the kidneys cells have been evaluated for antioxidant and histo-pathological parameters. Results of the study demonstrated that the LPO were significantly raised (p < 0.05) while SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were significantly lowered (p < 0.05) in the EMR exposed group when compared to the Group I and Group III. In histo-pathological observation, intertubular congestion, haemorrhage, necrotic changes in cortex and medulla, cast formation within the proximal and distal tubules have elevated significantly inside the EMR group compared to the control group (p <.05). Contrarily, the total number of glomeruli in the cortex of EMR group of subjects decreased compared to the Control group (p< 0.05). The defensive effects of Aq-Wsr were witnessed within the kidney of Group III rats. From the study, it is very significant to raise open awareness of promising harmful consequences of cell phone radiofrequency EMR exposure.
Full text article
References
Azab, A. E. 2017. Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Induces Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiological Changes in the Cardiovascular System. Journal of Applied Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 4(2):96. ISSN: 2572-8466.
Chauhan, P., Verma, H. N., Sisodia, R., Kesari, K. K. 2016. Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Whole-body exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 36(1):1–11. ISSN: 1536-8378, 1536-8386.
Colletti, V., Mandala, M., Manganotti, P., Ramat, S., Sacchetto, L., Colletti, L. 2011. Intraoperative observation of changes in cochlear nerve action potentials during exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by mobile phones. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 82(7):766–771. ISSN: 0022-3050.
Falzone, N., Huyser, C., Becker, P., Leszczynski, D., Franken, D. R. 2011. The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human spermatozoa. International Journal of Andrology, 34(1):20–26. ISSN: 0105-6263.
Forgács, Z., Somosy, Z., Kubinyi, G., Bakos, J., Hudák, A., Surján, A., Thuróczy, G. 2006. Effect of whole-body 1800MHz GSM-like microwave exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and histology in mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 22(1):111–117. ISSN: 0890-6238.
Gecit, İ., Kavak, S., Yüksel, M. B., Basel, H., Bektaş, H., Gümrükçüoğlu, H. A., Meral, İ., Demir, H. 2014. Effect of short-term treatment with levosimendan on oxidative stress in renal tissues of rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 30(1):47–51.
Hardell 2011. Pooled analysis of case-control studies on malignant brain tumours and the use of mobile and cordless phones including living and deceased subjects. International Journal of Oncology, 38(5):1465–1474. ISSN: 1019-6439.
Harris, M., Eyden, B. P., Joglekar, V. M. 1987. Rhabdoid tumour of the bladder: a histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Histopathology, 11(10):1083–1092.
Hasan, I., Islam, M. R. 2020. Biochemical and histopathological effects of mobile phone radiation on the liver of Swiss albino mice. European Journal of anatomy, 24(4):257–261.
Kesari, K. K., Meena, R., Nirala, J., Kumar, J., Verma, H. N. 2014. Effect of 3G Cell Phone Exposure with Computer Controlled 2-D Stepper Motor on Non-thermal Activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK Stress Pathway in Rat Brain. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 68(2):347–358. ISSN: 1085-9195, 1559- 0283.
Khayyat, L. I. 2011. The histopathological effects of an electromagnetic field on the kidney and testis of mice. EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, 5:103–109. ISSN: 1307-9867.
Kivrak, E. G., Yurt, K. K., Kaplan, A. A., Alkan, I., Altun, G. 2017. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 5(4):167. ISSN: 2213-879X.
Lee, H. J., Pack, J. K., Kim, T. H., Kim, N., Choi, S. Y., Lee, J. S., Kim, S. H., Lee, Y. S. 2010. The lack of histological changes of CDMA cellular phone-based radio frequency on rat testis. Bioelectromagnetics, (7):528–534.
Maehly, A. C., Chance, B. 1954. Methods of biochemical analysis. page 454, New York. Interscience. ISBN: 978-0-470-11062-1.
Markov, M. S. 2013. Effects of electromagnetic fields on biological systems. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 32(2):121–122. ISSN: 1536-8378, 1536-8386.
Meo, S. A., Arif, M., Rashied, S., Khan, M. M., Vohra, M. S., Usmani, A. M., Imran, M. B., Al-Drees, A. M. 2011. Hypospermatogenesis and spermatozoa maturation arrest in rats induced by mobile phone radiation. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons–Pakistan, 21(5):262–265.
Misra, H. P., Fridovich, I. 1972. The Role of Superoxide Anion in the Autoxidation of Epinephrine and a Simple Assay for Superoxide Dismutase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 247(10):3170–3175. ISSN: 0021-9258.
Moron, M., Depierre, J., Mannervik, B. 1979. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 582(1):67–78. ISSN: 0304-4165.
Moustafa, Y. M., Moustafa, R. M., Belacy, A., Abou-El-Ela, S. H., Ali, F. M. 2001. Effects of acute exposure to the radiofrequency fields of cellular phones on plasma lipid peroxide and antioxidase activities in human erythrocytes. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 26(4):605–608. ISSN: 0731-7085.
Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yagi, K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2):351–358. ISSN: 0003-2697.
Okano, H. 2008. Effects of static magnetic fields in biology: role of free radicals. Frontiers in Bioscience, (13):6106.
Oktem, F., Ozguner, F., Mollaoglu, H., Koyu, A., Uz, E. 2005. Oxidative Damage in the Kidney Induced by 900-MHz-Emitted Mobile Phone: Protection by Melatonin. Archives of Medical Research, 36(4):350–355. ISSN: 0188-4409.
Ozguner, F., Oktem, F., Ayata, A., Koyu, A., Yilmaz, H. R. 2005. A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 277(1-2):73–80. Issn: 0300-8177, 1573-4919.
Ozgur, E., Güler, G., Seyhan, N. 2010. Mobile phone radiation-induced free radical damage in the liver is inhibited by the antioxidants n-acetyl cysteine and epigallocatechin-gallate. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 86(11):935–945. ISSN: 0955-3002, 1362-3095.
Ozturk, A., Baltaci, A. K., Mogulkoc, R., Oztekin, E. 2003. Zinc Prevention of Electromagnetically Induced Damage to Rat Testicle and Kidney Tissues. Biological Trace Element Research, 96(1- 3):247–254. ISSN: 0163-4984.
Ragy, M. M. 2015. Effect of exposure and withdrawal of 900-MHz-electromagnetic waves on brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in male rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 34(4):279–284. ISSN: 1536-8378, 1536-8386.
Rotruck, J. T., Pope, A. L., Ganther, H. E., Swanson, A. B., Hafeman, D. G., Hoekstra, W. G. 1973. Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase. Science, 179(4073):588–590. ISSN: 0036-8075, 1095-9203.
Sepehrimanesh, M., Kazemipour, N., Saeb, M., Nazifi, S. 2014. Analysis of rat testicular proteome following 30-day exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation. Electrophoresis, 35(23):3331–3338. ISSN: 0173-0835.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.