SARS CoV-2 infection induced changes in physiological function

Abstract

Coronavirus, identified as the causative microbe for infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has spread to every part of the globe and created a pandemic claiming millions of lives. The infection becomes symptomatic through a cold, sore throat, fever and other symptoms. Diffuse alveolar damage with an opacity of the lobes of the lungs in elderly with associated comorbidities leads to fatal conditions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2), the receptor for the spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 is widely expressed on different cell surfaces facilitating viral entry and pathogenesis with multi-organ damage. In children, the chances of infection are less associated with fast recovery compared to adults—inflammatory reactions with cytokine storm trigger rapid changes in severe stages of infection that require medical intervention. The repurposing of existing antiviral drugs has improved some infected patients to recover. But at large, the entire world has come to a standstill with hampered progress due to non-availability of a vaccine for treatment for SARS CoV-2. This review focuses on the infection of different organs and the diagnosed features in the case studies with implemented treatment measures.