Investigating the flow behaviour of pharmaceutical blends using shear cell methodology
Abstract
Powder flow properties are critical bulk level features for the manufacturing of solid dosage forms. Small-scale powder flow measurements are also widely accepted as a tool for predicting large-scale production failure. The aim of this study is to explore the flow properties of a two-component powder mixture and investigate the effect of mixing two powders with different properties on the flow properties parameters. To achieve this aim, 12 blends were prepared using an acoustic mixer (Labram). The flow properties were studied using rotational shear cell methodology. The results showed that the addition of Micr APAP into the excipients with good flow properties significantly increased the flow resistance of the prepared blends and consequently reduced their flow properties. The main driving factor in determining the flow properties is the particle size of the blend’s components. The results of this study suggest that it is very important to measure the flow properties of any pharmaceutical blends and not depend only on the flow properties of the original components before mixing.
Full text article
References
A Lekhal, S L Conway, B J Glasser, and J G Khinast. Characterization of granular flow of wet solids in a bladed mixer. AIChE Journal, 52(8):2757–2766, 2006.
A W Jenike. Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids; Utah Engineering Experiment Station, University of Utah. 52(29):1–322, 1961. Salt Lake City.
H Masuda, K Higashitani, and H Yoshida. Pow- der technology: fundamentals of particles, powder beds, and particle generation. page 532, 2006. CRC press. ISBN 9780367389802.
J Schwedes. Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids. Granular matter, 5(1):1–43, 2003.
R J Berry, M S A Bradley, and R G McGregor. Brookfield powder flow tester - Results of round-robin tests with CRM-116 limestone powder. Proceedings of the IMechE (Part E) -Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 229(3):215–230, 2015.
K C Pingali and R Mendez. Physicochemical behavior of pharmaceutical particles and distribution of additives in tablets due to process shear and lubricant composition. Powder technology, 268(13):1–8, 2014.
M P Mullarney, L E Beach, R N Davé, B A Lang- don, M Polizzi, and D O Blackwood. Applying dry powder coatings to pharmaceutical powders using a comil for improving powder flow and bulk density. Powder technology, 212(3):397–402, 2011.
A W Jenike. Storage and flow of solids. Bulletin No. 123, Utah State University, 53(26):1– 209, 1964.
J R Van Ommen, J M Valverde, and R Pfeffer. Fluidization of nanopowders: a review. Journal of nanoparticle research, 14(3):1–29, 2012.
D Barling, D A Morton, and K Hapgood. Pharmaceutical dry powder blending and scale- up: maintaining equivalent mixing conditions using a coloured tracer powder. Powder technology, 270:461–470, 2015.
P Shenoy, M Viau, K Tammel, F Innings, J Fitzpatrick, and L Ahrné. Effect of powder densities, particle size and shape on mixture quality of binary food powder mixtures. Powder Technology, 272:165–172, 2015.
D. Schulze. Powders and Bulk Solids, Behaviour, Characterization, Storage and Flow. pages 35–74, 2008. ISBN: 978-3-540- 73768-1.
V Ganesan, K Muthukumarappan, and K A Rosentrater. Flow properties of DDGS with varying soluble and moisture contents using jenike shear testing. In 2007 ASAE Annual Meeting, pages 1–1, 2007. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
R E Freeman, J R Cooke, and L C Schneider. Measuring shear properties and normal stresses generated within a rotational shear cell for consolidated and non-consolidated powders. Powder Technology, 190(1-2):65–69, 2009.
S Koynov, B Glasser, and F Muzzio. Comparison of three rotational shear cell testers: Powder flowability and bulk density. Powder Technology, 283:103–112, 2015.
M K Taylor, J Ginsburg, A J Hickey, and F Gheyas. Composite method to quantify powder flow as a screening method in early tablet or capsule formulation development. AAPS PharmSciTech, 1(3):20–30, 2000.
M Krantz, H Zhang, and J Zhu. Characterization of powder flow: Static and dynamic testing. Powder Technology, 194(3):239–245, 2009.
R L Carr. Evaluating flow properties of solids. Chem. Eng, 72:163–168, 1965.
D Geldart. Types of gas fluidization. Powder technology, 7(5):285–292, 1973.
C Wang, A Hassanpour, and M Ghadiri. Characterisation of flowability of cohesive powders by testing small quantities of weak compacts. Particuology, 6(4):282–285, 2008.
W Yu, K Muteki, L Zhang, and G Kim. Prediction of bulk powder flow performance using comprehensive particle size and particle shape distributions. J. Pharm. Sci, 100(1):284–293, 2011.
S Søgaard, M Bryder, M Allesø, and J Rantanen. Characterization of powder properties using a powder rheometer. pages 1–8, 2012.
M Dumarey, H Wikström, M Fransson, A Sparén, P Tajarobi, M Josefson, and J Trygg. Combining experimental design and orthogonal projections to latent structures to study the influence of microcrystalline cellulose properties on roll compaction. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 416(1):110–119, 2011.
J Schwedes. Consolidation and flow of cohesive bulk solids. Chemical Engineering Science, 57(2):287–294, 2002.
Y Wang, S Koynov, B J Glasser, and F J Muzzio. A method to analyze shear cell data of powders measured under different initial consolidation stresses. Powder technology, 294(3):105–112, 2016.
F Boukouvala, A Dubey, A Vanarase, R Ramachandran, F J Muzzio, and M Ierapetritou. Computational Approaches for Studying the Granular Dynamics of Continuous Blending Processes, 2-Population Balance and Data-Based Methods. Macromol. Mater. Eng, 297(1):9–19, 2012.
M Sen, S Karkala, S Panikar, O Lyngberg, M Johnson, A Marchut, E Schäfer, and R Ramachandran. Analyzing the mixing dynamics of an industrial batch bin blender via discrete element modeling method. Processes, 5(2):22, 2017.
R Freeman. Measuring the flow properties of consolidated, conditioned and aerated powders-a comparative study using a powder rheometer and a rotational shear cell. Powder Technology, 174(1-2):25–33, 2007.
J G Osorio, K Sowrirajan, and F J Muzzio. Effect of resonant acoustic mixing on pharmaceutical powder blends and tablets. Advanced Powder Technology, 27(4):1141–1148, 2016.
J W Carson and H Wilms. Development of an international standard for shear testing. Pow- der technology, 167(1):1–9, 2006.
S Beitz, R Uerlich, T Bokelmann, A Diener, T Vietor, and A Kwade. Influence of powder deposition on powder bed and specimen properties. Materials, 12(2):297, 2019.
S Divya and G N Ganesh. Characterization of Powder Flowability Using FT4-Powder Rheometer. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 11(1):25–29, 2019.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.