The prevalence of risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical disorder and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine disorder where both of them commonly coexist. T2DM will disturb sleep patterns and disturbed sleep may predispose to insulin resistance resulting in T2DM. The study aim is to evaluate the prevalence of risk for Obstructive sleep apnea among T2DM patients based on patient demographic variables (age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)) and Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). In this cross-sectional study a total of 111 patients were included and the prevalence of risk was determined based on the BQ categories and the percentage was calculated accordingly. In BQ, Category 1 includes five questions based on snoring, category 2 includes three questions based on daytime somnolence and category 3 includes two questions based on BMI. These categories were marked as positive if the responses for snoring or daytime somnolence indicate persistent symptoms (> 3-4 times/week). Third category includes the patient’s BMI greater than 30 kg/m² (obese) indicates positive score. In this study, the patients above 61 years (100%) and obese (94%) were at a higher risk for OSA. Based on the BQ, more positive (89.19%) responses were observed in category 1 (snoring) when compared to category 2 (40.54%) and 3 (74.77%) which concluded that T2DM patients are at a high risk (HR) for developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea.