International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

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neelam injeti — 2023-01-05

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Madhuca longifolia leaf extract mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Photocatalytic activity

Rajani — 2023-01-05

The biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs is a promising substitute for the standard method of NP synthesis. In the current study, ZnO nanoparticles were produced biologically. Leaf extract from the Madhuca longifolia (M-ZnO NPs) plant was used to create ZnO NPs, which were then examined using UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. SEM and TEM examination and XRD validated the size and crystalline nature of Zinc oxide nanoparticles, respectively. Functional groups involved in the production of ZnO NPs were visible in the FTIR spectra. By scavenging DPPH free radicals at various concentrations, the antioxidant activity of green ZnO NPs was determined. By using the agar well diffusion method, ZnO NPs were tested for their bactericidal potential against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains. A 96% photodegradation of MB dye and 91% degradation of textile wastewater was observed in green-produced ZnO NPs when exposed to sunshine. The recent work proved that ZnO NPs have substantial antioxidant, antibacterial, and photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the study offers a straightforward, practical, economical, and ecologically secure green synthesis technique for the biofabrication of multifunctional ZnO nanoparticles.

Development and Validation of a simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of Delamanid

Vaishali Pardeshi — 2023-01-05

Using a Shimadzu UV-2600, a quick, precise, easy, and affordable UV spectrophotometric approach has been created. Solvent made with methanol to assess the bulk Delamanid content. A wavelength of 320 nm was used for the detection process. The parameters linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, LOD, and LOQ were taken into consideration during method validation in accordance with ICH Q2R1 criteria. It demonstrated linearity in the range of 60-360 (/mL) at a predetermined λmax of 320 nm, and it had a strong correlation coefficient (R2-0.996) and outstanding mean recovery (99.00-100.07%). Determination of Delamanid used this technique effectively. The method's linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility were statistically and by recovery experiments confirmed. The outcomes demonstrated the method's applicability for both regular Delamanid bulk analysis and commercial formulations.

Etiological Evaluation of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Eastern Part of India

Prabhat Kumar — 2023-02-01

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a part anemia classification based on the morphology of anemia with well-known causes and management. The causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia may be either due to iron deficiency anemia, anemia of inflammation, or thalassemia. There are lots of recent advancements and studies done on the etiology of Microcytic Hypochromic anemia but accurate data especially from the eastern part of India are notavailable. To investigate the causes of Microcytic Hypochromic anaemia at a tertiary care centre in eastern India. After obtaining valid written consent, cases of microcytic hypochromic anaemia were selected from the OPD and indoors for this cross-sectional investigation. The whole haematological and biochemical investigations were sent for anaemia workup. The study comprised 100 patients with microcytic hypochromic disorder. The study comprised subjects ranging in age from 18 to 80 years. 39% were men and 61% were women. In thalassemia patients, the most common were b-thalassemia traits in 81.8 %, followed by 9% of each Delta B–thalassemia and double heterozygous HBE and beta thalassemia. Anemia is not an illness in and of itself, but rather a symptom of another, hence finding the underlying cause is significantly more important. The diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anaemia is insufficient in the absence of an underlying cause. Special precautions will be made to determine the cause of iron deficient anaemia. The thalassemia trait must also be diagnosed in order to minimise excessive iron supplementation and for family screening.

Development and Validation of an HPTLC Method for Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Quercetin in Glinus oppositifolius (L.)

Tushar Adhikari — 2023-02-17

Glinus oppositifolius (L.) is a perennial herb used in Indian folk medicine as a stomachic, aperients, antiseptic, uterine stimulant, and to promote menses and lochia. The reported pharmacological activities of this plant are immunomodulatory, hepatoprotectivite, anthelmintic, anti-hyperglycemic etc. activities. To an HPTLC densitometric method was developed and validated for the qualitative and quantitative estimation quercetin in Glinus oppositifolius (L.) available from West Bengal. The shad-dried leaves of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) were extracted with Methanol. HPTLC analysis was carried out on aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates with Ethyl acetate-Toluene–Formic acid 5:4:0.2 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. The HPTLC densitometric method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines for estimation of quercetin. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) is 102.95 ± 3.85 mg QE/ gm. In HPTLC analysis, G. oppositifolius ethanolic extract showed a maximum of 8 well-resolved peaks at R_f 0.005, 0.098, 0.266, 0.466, 0.655, 0.724, 0.776 and 0.827. Well separated and compact spots (R_f) of quercetin (0.81±0.06) were detected. The regression equation obtained was y = 0.0002x + 0.0019, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9852. The linearity range (µg/spot) 20-100. Quercetin content was found to be 0.25 ± 0.0047 mg of quercetin /100gm sample.The developed method was fond precise, robust an accurate and was successfully used for the detection and quantification of quercetin in Glinus oppositifolius (L.) and the quantities of quercetin was 0.25 ± 0.0047 mg of quercetin /100gm sample.

Diagnostic Aids and Techniques of Oral Cancer- An Updated Review

Deivanayagi M — 2023-01-05

Oral cancer is the most prevalent and lethal type with a four in every 3000 incidence rate worldwide and a 3% survival rate. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is multifactorial, is brought on by genetic and epigenetic instability. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are precursor lesions that often precede oral cancer, and their early diagnosis is advantageous for patients since it may lengthen their productive longevity. Currently, oral cancer screening, early identification, and its pre-invasive intraepithelial phases are still largely focused on visual inspection of the mouth. These methods are subjective and early lesions can be easily missed. Due to a lack of early identification, oral cancer's five-year survival rate is still low. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) emphasised that by developing efficient cancer control and screening strategies, we can prevent a third of the 15 million cancer cases that are expected to occur in the future and better manage a second third. Oral cancer screening aids and techniques have witnessed a lot of advancements recently. This article reviews the current diagnostic methods and instruments for detecting oral cancer, which include the oral CDx brush, Velscope, Chemiluminescence, DNA ploidy, microarray technology, colposcopy, and oral scan. It also adds on the molecular (genetic and epigenetic alterations) & decoding of the oral carcinogenesis genomics data.

Applications of Microparticles: A Review

Adiba Khan — 2023-03-13

The small size and effective carrier capacity of microspheres make them a crucial component of novel drug delivery systems. With a particle size range of 1-1000 μm, microspheres are distinctively free-flowing powders made of synthetic polymers or proteins. The range of microsphere production methods provides several chances to regulate drug delivery processes and improve the therapeutic potency of certain medications. There are numerous techniques for delivering therapeutic medicines to target areas over time. One such technique is to employ microspheres, also known as microparticles, as medication carriers. When adjusted and kept at the correct concentrations at the location of interest, it provides a dependable method of delivering medications selectively to target areas. In addition to their capabilities for prolonged release, microspheres have received a lot of attention.

Hypothetical Approach Towards Understanding of Stages of Kriyakala with Pathogenesis of Type II DM

Aparna Singh — 2023-03-16

Ayurveda believes in a holistic approach toward health and gives more emphasis to the prevention of diseases by attaining Dhatu Samyata via adopting the appropriate lifestyle and dietary habits. Ayurveda scholars have mentioned that exposure to etiological factors does not lead to the immediate manifestation of the disease but gets through certain stages for the full-fledged manifestation of the disease. These six consecutive stages through which the pathogenesis of the diseases accelerates to the advanced stage as well as signs and symptoms are produced in accordance to the intensity of aggravation of Dosha are termed as Shatkriyakala. These stages can be correlated with the pathogenesis of various diseases for their proper understanding as well as designing treatment protocol in accordance with stages of pathogenesis to assure a better prognosis of the disease. Thus, an approach has been made to correlate the stages of Kriyakala with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Complete Heart Block with Pacemaker in Pregnancy

Rupal Sipani — 2023-01-09

Nowadays many women with pacemakers in heart are contemplating and undergoing pregnancy. Complete heart block is an important obstetric complication. Pregnancy with complete heart block is rare and it requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the obstetrician, cardiologist, anaesthesiologist and neonatologist. Though data on such patients where the cardiac association with obstetrics is limited. We present a case of a pregnant woman with congenital complete heart block with permanent pacemaker insitu. 21 year old primigravida at 36 weeks of gestation with congenital complete heart block and pacemaker in situ came to OPD with complaints of pain abdomen. The patient was asymptomatic throughout the pregnancy. The patient was admitted & on evaluation was found to have threatened preterm labour & underwent emergency LSCS & delivered a girl child with a good Apgar score of 8/10,9/10. Intra op & post-op mother & baby was doing good & stable throughout the hospital stay.

Cardiac Conduction Defects and Pacemaker in Pregnancy – Case Series

Srisha Soundararajan — 2023-03-06

Pregnancy is a state of hyperdynamic circulation. Any additional load on the already burdened heart in a pregnant woman is a threaten to the life of the mother and fetus. This case series on conduction cardiac abnormalities in pregnancy includes three patients with congenital complete heart block with pacemaker in situ, sick sinus syndrome with pacemaker in situ and a case of Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome in pregnancy respectively. In spite of arrhythmias being one among the commonly encountered cardiac complications in pregnancy, there is limited evidence on management of arrhythmias and patients with pacemakers in pregnancy. Management of these patients should include pre-conception counselling, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care with a multi specialist team comprising of obstetrician, cardiologist and anaesthetist. A basic knowledge on monitoring and functioning of pacemakers is of important in managing such cases.