International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Effect of Multimodal Exercise Program on Functional Outcome, Fatigue and Emotional Health in Mastectomy Patient with Concomitant Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Study

2022-08-12T04:30:26+00:00

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Mastectomy is a common surgical option for breast cancer, which usually leads to significant functional impairment. Fatigue, anxiety and depression are reported by mastectomy patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of a multimodal exercise program on improving functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression after mastectomy. A 40-year-old female presented with abnormal tissue growth, pain and nipple discharge at the right breast. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma stage I and undertook six weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Postoperatively, patient had a functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program comprising ROM exercises, strength and endurance training, breathing exercises and functional activities was given. DASH for assessing upper extremity functions, BFI for assessing the impact of fatigue on daily activities and HADS for assessing anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program effectively improves functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression in mastectomy patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Antidiabetic effects of the Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): A Review

2022-08-01T05:23:04+00:00

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness that manifests as elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) as a result of kidney failure, particularly in insulin-producing cells. Platelet Rich Plasma is one of the treatments for hyperglycemia that takes a cutting-edge approach to cell regeneration and has attracted substantial attention in recent years (PRP). PRP can accelerate cell proliferation due to the large number of bioactive molecules found in PRP, the majority of which are platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) protein, transforming growth factor (TGF-), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). This paper does a literature search or conducts a review of published research articles. Search for publications using the keywords PRP and DM or blood sugar levels in Google Scholar and Pubmed. The time period covered by the criterion for papers published in the recent five years is from 2017 to 2021. According to the literature search, there was three research examining the effect of PRP on blood sugar levels in the diabetic model, all of which used experimental animals. According to the literature review, PRP is a viable alternative in the treatment of diabetes mellitus that has a reasonably efficient effect on decreasing blood glucose levels.

In silico predictions of NADPH oxidase binding properties of selected flavonoids - Protective role in arsenic induced neurotoxicity

2022-07-08T04:18:31+00:00

The study was an attempt to provide evidence for the effect of selected flavonoids on NADPH oxidase (NOX), which is a key enzyme in the generation of oxidative stress. For this study, a set of flavonoids were selected and screened for their molecular properties like physicochemical descriptions, oral bioavailability, Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) penetration and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate property using Molinspiration online tool, Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction websites. Based on the molecular properties, three flavonoids (Naringenin, hesperidin and diosmin) were narrowed down for further molecular docking studies as they were found to be Pgp substrates. The protein targets were duly selected as they are the subunits of the NOX subtype, which was commonly expressed in the brain and they are key elements of NOX activation. Molecular docking studies were carried out with Autodock vina software to enumerate the binding energies of the flavonoid molecules with the selected protein targets. The three flavonoids naringenin, hesperidin and diosmin, have shown good binding energies for the selected targets compared to apocynin, a well-known NOX inhibitor. The molecular docking results revealed that hesperidin had shown the highest bonding energies, followed by diosmin and naringenin. These flavonoids naringenin, hesperidin and diosmin, might be the better inhibitors of NOX and might usefully help in combating arsenic induced neurotoxicity. These in silico findings need further confirmation by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Design and Synthesis of 3, 5-Diphenylpyrazole derivatives as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

2022-07-23T09:04:48+00:00

This exploratory work encompasses synthetic chemistry to develop novel 3, 5- diphenylethanone derivatives compounds based on the medicinally relevant scaffold of pyrazole as that of standard SERM i.e. Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. Specific strategies for the synthesis of novel analogues were used and were subjected to modeling and docking studies for analyzing the ER subtype selectivity. The in-silico studies were conducted in order to attain a better insight into the interactions of these molecules with their target receptor in order to study their subtype selectivity and preferential binding site. The various orientations taken by ligands while binding the estrogen receptor-α were studied over 1ERR (PDB) using Schrodinger Maestro environments. The anti-cancer potential of these derivatives were evaluated in estrogen receptor-positive cell lines in an in vitro assay, exploring MCF-7 and Zr-75-1 cell lines. Amongst all, the derivatives that displaced promising anticancer activity (4-chloro substituted, compound 4b) were selectively screened for in vivo anti-cancer activity subjected to NMU administration mammary carcinoma in female Sprague- Dawley rat. As hormone estrogen has been largely implemented in the metastasis of breast cancer, it has become imperative to measure levels of the hormone in tumor-affected animals. The percentage of incidences, tumor latency, tumor burden, and tumor volume was measured after sacrificing the experimental animals.

Colonoscopic Profile of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed in Adults: A Tertiary Care Centre Based Study

2022-08-10T06:54:52+00:00

Lower Gastro intestinal (LGIB) bleeding is one of the most important clinical symptoms which have significant morbidity and mortality. It has an annual admission rate of 0.15% with mortality rate of 5-10%. LGIB can be caused by a number of causes, including both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Colonoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic measure which is a simple, convenient and cost-effective procedure. The present study aimed to assess the Colonoscopic profile of LGIB presented to our tertiary care centre. This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary health care centre. A total number of 58 adult subjects with LGIB aged above 18 years were recruited over a period of six months after obtaining written informed consent. All included patients underwent detailed history, clinical examination, blood tests and colonoscopic evaluation. Results were analysed. In our study among the 58 subjects (n=33) were males, which were equal to 57%. The majority of our patients were between the mean age of 31-40 years. Most colonoscopic findings were suggestive of ulcerative colitis, which equalled to 31%. Other different aetiologies of LGIB were as following: carcinoma of the colon (15%), haemorrhoids (15%), colonic polyps (14%) carcinoma of anal canal (5%) and so on. The majority of our patients had moderate anaemia, which was equal to 45% and this was due to persistent LGIB. The incidence of lower GI bleeding increased with increasing age among our patients. The leading cause of lower GI bleeding was found to be ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of colon cancer increases with increase in age. It was followed by CA colon, haemorrhoids, and colonic polyps; hence colonoscopy is recommended in all patients with chronic LGIB.