Evaluation of the microbial contaminants and phytochemical properties of Sireh (Piper betle L.)

Syafiqah Mhd Jamal (1) , Hasnah Bahari (2) , Daryl Jesus Arapoc (3) , Muhammad Akif Adnan (4) , Imran Jazary Mad Diah (5) , Azmiza Syawani Jasni (6)
(1) Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
(2) Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
(3) Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang-43000, Selangor, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
(4) KPJ Healthcare University College, Lot PT 17010 Persiaran Seriemas, Kota Seriemas, Nilai-71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
(5) KPJ Healthcare University College, Lot PT 17010 Persiaran Seriemas, Kota Seriemas, Nilai-71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
(6) Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia, Malaysia

Abstract

Piper betle L. or Sireh is popular among the Malaysian locals and has been extensively used in traditional medicines across Asian and Southeast Asian countries. P. betle is used to enhance the dental health and treat diseases such as rheumatism and bronchitis, though the data on the quality and safety of this plant are still limited. This study evaluated the microbiological quality and the phytochemical properties of P. betle. Bacteria and fungi were only detected following 3 months of storage duration, however, the microbial loads are within the acceptable range and the identified bacterial species were non-pathogenic. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between microbial enumerations data and storage duration. Three phytochemical constituents, which were saponins, tannins, and steroids, were detected in P. betle. These findings highlighted that P. betle has low microbial contaminants at least up to 6-months of storage, and with its phytochemical constituents preserved throughout the storage duration, it is thus safe for consumption as it is.

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Authors

Syafiqah Mhd Jamal
Hasnah Bahari
Daryl Jesus Arapoc
Muhammad Akif Adnan
Imran Jazary Mad Diah
Azmiza Syawani Jasni
azmiza@upm.edu.my (Primary Contact)
Syafiqah Mhd Jamal, Hasnah Bahari, Daryl Jesus Arapoc, Muhammad Akif Adnan, Imran Jazary Mad Diah, & Azmiza Syawani Jasni. (2020). Evaluation of the microbial contaminants and phytochemical properties of Sireh (Piper betle L.). International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11((SPL 4), 2745–2750. Retrieved from https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/2689

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