https://ijrps.com/home <p align="justify"><strong>International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJRPS)</strong> ISSN: 0975-7538 sponsored by JK Welfare &amp; Pharmascope Foundation is established in the year 2009 with people from various avenues of the pharmacy profession. IJRPS is completely devoted to publications related to Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences. IJRPS will be published quarterly. The journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences.</p> JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation en-US International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 0975-7538 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4720 Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis is a systemic disease caused by the invasion of reticuloendothelial cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow by Leishmania spp. parasites. Current medications have numerous adverse effects and some resistance has been reported. Most treatments are administered parenterally, leading to non-compliance and treatment failure. This study aimed to develop an oral formulation of quinine sulfate to address these challenges.Methods: Quinine sulfate was encapsulated in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose using the spray-drying method and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release properties. In the in vivo study, laboratory mice infected with L. donovani promastigotes were treated for two weeks.Results: The average size of the quinine sulfate microparticles ranged from 2.6 to 14.2 µm, with an entrapment efficiency of 93%. Oral formulations effectively cleared parasites from the organs.Conclusion: Orally administered quinine sulfate efficiently cleared parasites from the blood of infected mice and resolved infections in their organs. Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington Henry Nettey Isaac Joe Erskine Afia Antwi Mensah Nana Kwame Ofori Gyamera Nana Aboadwe Goode Doris Kumadoh Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-17 2024-10-17 15 4 48 55 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4720 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4716 This study aimed to validate variables impacting the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in adolescents, focusing on gender, age, exercise, sedentary activities, and dietary factors. A cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted among adolescents aged 9 to 19 years, using a modified questionnaire based on the Oswestry and Roland-Morris LBP and Disability questionnaires. The response rate was 81.9%, with the highest LBP prevalence (87.5%) in 18-year-olds. Overall, 93.5% of participants reported experiencing back pain, particularly among those not actively involved in sports; notably, 63% led a sedentary lifestyle.Of the subjects, 23.5% reported sleeping 6-8 hours, 29.5% went to the gym 2-3 days a week, and 30.6% consumed over 3 liters of water daily. Additionally, 45.2% maintained a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, while 26.1% consumed high-protein foods. A good breakfast routine was linked to significantly reduced LBP. Males (59.2%) reported higher LBP frequency than females. For relief, 48.8% of males sought medical help or took medication, while 34.4% relied on self-healing methods. The study underscored the associations between various factors and LBP in adolescents and school-age children. Mohammad Yusuf Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-08 2024-10-08 15 4 24 33 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4716 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4712 Morbidity and death in COPD patients is greatly influenced by co morbidities. We aim to study the prevalence of systemic hypertension in the initial stages of COPD, i.e. in patients with GOLD stage 1 disease having a FEV1 greater than 80% of predicted value in PFT. We conducted a period prevalence study on patients with early stages of COPD. Patients were evaluated for systemic hypertension after being diagnosed with COPD by pulmonary function test. The study was conducted at Sri Venkateswaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai. A total of 205 patients were identified with COPD meeting the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria. 150 patients were male and 55 were female. Among them 53.6% patients were diagnosed with systemic hypertension. 20.9% of the hypertensive patients were having obesity. 95.4% of the patients with hypertension were tobacco smokers. 4.6% of the patients with hypertension were having a history of biomass fuel smoke exposure. Tobacco smoking, biomass fuel smoke exposure and obesity are important factors which influence lung function and many cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. Patients in the early stages of COPD have a higher prevalence of systemic hypertension. Systemic hypertension must be identified and treated early to prevent long term cardiovascular/cerebrovascular complications in COPD patients. Saravana Ethinder M Pravin Parmeshwar Satkar Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-04 2024-10-04 15 4 12 16 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4712 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4710 Introduction: Sexual dysfunction and alcohol dependence syndrome are complex issues that significantly impact the overall well-being and quality of life of affected individuals. Sexual dysfunction, encompassing various issues such as erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, and orgasmic disorders, is a prevalent concern affecting a substantial proportion of the male population worldwide. Aim: To estimate prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients admitted for Alcohol dependence and to identify various Clinical and Socio demographic correlates for sexual dysfunction in this population. Materials and Methods: The study involved fifty-eight male participants who had sought deaddiction treatment at the Psychiatry Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Centre, Maduranthakam for alcohol dependence syndrome, diagnosed according to the ICD‑10. Information on sociodemographic, alcohol-related, and sexual dysfunction-related variables was gathered. Sexual dysfunction was assessed for the past year, ignoring temporary and situational complaints. The relationship between sexual dysfunction and various study variables was explored using relevant statistical tools. Results: Out of the total sample size evaluated using SAD-Q score, 71% are moderately dependent and 29 % are severely dependent. Sexual Dysfunction was present for 64% of patients in the study. For the 58 patients in the study, the most common sexual dysfunction reported was an absence of sexual desire in 19 patients, followed by erectile dysfunction which was present in 18 patients. The ability to reach orgasm was difficult for 6 patients. Satisfaction from orgasm was absent for 4 patients. Conclusion: This research seeks to advance our understanding of sexual dysfunction in male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome by unravelling the intricate web of factors influencing their sexual health. Dr. Saritha Dhuruvasan Dr. Sumithradevi Dr. Usaid Dr. Uma Gayathri Dr. Siva Ilango Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-01 2024-10-01 15 4 1 7 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4710 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4721 The burgeoning field of Regulatory Affairs (RA) serves as the foundation for ensuring public health in today's globalized marketplace. In the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory affairs play a crucial role in assuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of drug products, which are essential for the approval of new products entering the market. Emerging from a collective international desire to protect individuals from potentially harmful medications, this profession bridges the gap between pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies, ensuring that products meet all necessary legal and scientific standards.Regulatory affairs professionals act as guardians, meticulously ensuring the accuracy and completeness of product information. They navigate the complex labyrinth of regulations, translating them into practical plans for companies to follow. Their expertise encompasses the entire life cycle of a drug, from initial application submission and oversight of clinical trials to ongoing adherence to evolving regulatory requirements. This comprehensive approach guarantees the development, manufacturing, and distribution of safe and effective medications across various fields, including traditional pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicine, medical devices, and complementary therapies.As the pharmaceutical landscape continues to evolve, the demand for highly skilled regulatory affairs professionals remains strong. In India, the Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates drug legislation, facilitating drug development from initial research to market approval and post-marketing surveillance. Piyali Basak Rajarshi Das Sonia Mallick Jaydip Ray Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-18 2024-10-18 15 4 56 67 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4721 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4717 Mass spectrometry (MS) has transformed the field of proteomics by enabling the precise analysis of proteins and peptides at the molecular level. The heart of this analysis is the process of fragmentation, which plays a pivotal role in elucidating amino acid sequence, identifying post-translational modifications (PTMs), and characterizing structural features. Peptides and proteins are first ionized and then subjected to fragmentation techniques such as Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID), Electron-Transfer Dissociation (ETD), and Electron-Capture Dissociation (ECD). These techniques induce fragmentation along the peptide backbone, generating characteristic fragment ions (b and y ions, c and z ions) that reflect the sequence of amino acids. The mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of these fragment ions provide crucial data for de novo sequencing and PTM identification. Furthermore, fragmentation patterns can reveal insights into protein folding, interactions, and dynamics. This article provides the detailed view of mass fragmentation techniques in peptides and proteins, highlighting its importance in advancing proteomic research and its applications in fields ranging from biomarker discovery to drug development. Akhilesh Kumar Kuril Krishna Moorthy Manchuri Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-15 2024-10-15 15 4 34 47 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4717 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4715 Sleep plays a vital role in the optimal functioning of our body and is crucial for overall well-being. However, many parents are unaware of the negative consequences of sleep deprivation in children. This study examines factors affecting sleep in children and their correlation with screen time. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between screen time and environmental factors impacting sleep quality among school-aged children.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on children aged 6 to 12 years. Sleep quality was assessed using a 22-item, pre-validated, parent-administered Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Contributing factors, including a screen time questionnaire, were gathered from parents. Children with pre-existing sleep disorders, neurobehavioral disorders, and chronic illnesses were excluded. A CSHQ score above 41 was considered abnormal, indicating a sleep problem. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with SPSS version 20.0.In this study, 40.3% of children experienced sleep disturbances. The total mean sleep score was 39.56 ± 14.84, with private school children showing greater disruptions (41.78 ± 12.96) compared to public school children (37.14 ± 16.33; p = 0.001). Significant correlations were found between sleep quality, screen time exposure, and environmental factors such as lower socio-economic status, bed sharing, and room sharing.This study highlights that both excessive screen time and adverse environmental conditions negatively impact children's sleep quality. Efforts to increase awareness among parents, educators, and healthcare providers are needed to reduce sleep disturbances. Dr. Sowntharya Pasupathy Dr. Kalaivani Anantharaaman Dr. Manasi Garg Dr. Soundararajan P Dr. Arun Sugumaran Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-06 2024-10-06 15 4 17 23 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4715 https://ijrps.com/home/article/view/4711 Asthma and its control is influenced by both external environmental factors and also on the presence of several comorbid conditions like allergic rhinitis, gastro esophageal reflux disease(GERD), obesity etc. We aim to study the prevalence of GERD in adult asthmatic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital. We conducted a period prevalence survey of adult asthmatics visiting the outpatient department. Gastro esophageal reflux disease was diagnosed clinically through GERD-Q questionnaire. The study was conducted at Sri Venkateswaraa Medical College and Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai. A total of 110 patients were taken for the study. GERD was prevalent among 50% of the study population. 86.2% of the smokers in the study were having GERD. Mean Body Mass Index(BMI) in the study population was 29.14 +/- 4.8 with 72.7% of the patients with gastro esophageal disease were overweight in their body mass index. Significant number of patients with asthma are known to suffer from GERD. GERD worsens the symptoms in asthma and makes it difficult to control with regular inhalational therapy. Being overweight in BMI, smoking are risk factors to the development of gastro esophageal disease and also influence lung function in asthma patients. Symptoms for GERD must be questioned to treat the disease and adequately control asthma. Saravana Ethinder M Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2024-10-03 2024-10-03 15 4 8 11 10.26452/ijrps.v15i4.4711