International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

Antiulcer Properties of Guava and Chameli Leaves: A Phytochemical Exploration for Oral Ulcer Management

2024-09-06T11:34:52+00:00

This study explores the therapeutic potential of Psidium guajava (Guava) and Jasminum grandiflorum (Chameli) leaves for oral ulcer treatment. Traditionally used in Ayurveda, these plants are rich in bioactive compounds. Ethanolic extracts were assessed for phytochemical content, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and alkaloids. Total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified using colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via albumin denaturation inhibition, anti-protease activity, and membrane stabilization assays. Antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was tested using agar well diffusion. Guava extract exhibited higher total phenolic content (121.6 mg GAE/g) and comparable flavonoid content (280 mg QE/g) to Chameli. Both extracts demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, with Guava showing superior anti-inflammatory effects across all assays and antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. These findings highlight the bioactive compounds contributing to the therapeutic potential of Guava and Chameli leaves. The developed herbal oral paste was effective in promoting healing, supporting its potential for oral ulcer treatment, although further clinical validation is needed.

Pupil to limbus diameter ratio as an emerging autonomic function test and its correlation with anthropometric parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle

2024-09-30T07:27:19+00:00

The menstrual cycle is a physiological change in normal females, indicating the proper functioning of both endocrine and reproductive health. The pupil to limbus diameter (PLD) ratio is defined as the ratio of pupil diameter measured at an axial plane to the limbus diameter measured at the same or a parallel axial plane. Alterations in estrogen and progesterone levels may influence cardiac autonomic functions. This study aimed to correlate the PLD ratio with anthropometric parameters, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), during different phases of the menstrual cycle among medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first- and second-year female MBBS students aged 17 to 22 years. Anthropometric parameters, including height, weight, BMI, and WC, were measured for all participants. Eye photographs were taken during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and the diameters were measured manually using the two-box method. The PLD ratios for both eyes showed a significant positive correlation with BMI (right eye: r = 0.682, p < 0.000; left eye: r = 0.430, p < 0.000) and waist circumference (right eye: r = 0.456, p < 0.000; left eye: r = 0.315, p < 0.001). The PLD ratio can serve as a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective autonomic function test.

Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infection (TTI) and demographic profile of seropositive blood donors in a tertiary care hospital

2024-08-01T15:09:39+00:00

Transfusion departments have long been crucial in the screening, monitoring, and management of diseases spread by blood transfusions. Transfusions are a life-saving intervention that saves lives all over the world. Research has indicated that blood banks with component facilities have greater rates of positive for HIV, HCV, and HBV, whereas blood banks without component facilities have higher rates of syphilis and malaria. A retrospective study on blood donors done at the Blood Bank of a tertiary care hospital of western Maharashtra, India, from January 2015 to December 2020. The study analyzed a total of 15,400 donors, of which 412 donors came out to be seropositive. Majority of seropositive blood donors were in the age group of 18-30 years. The study showed a significant difference between seropositivity of voluntary and replacement donors of the year 2020. Educating, clearing the notions/myths regarding blood donation, telling the benefits and involvement of social media and NGO in promoting blood donation activities can play an important role in breaking the ice between people and blood donations. It will also create awareness regarding blood donation in the general public.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs): Design, characterization, release mechanism and remote-controlled application for targeted therapeutics

2024-09-23T11:11:08+00:00

MNPs as novel drug delivery system (NDDS) approach possess several magnetic properties for targeted and controlled delivery in various biomedical application. Unlike normal nanoparticles, MNPs enable to respond to external magnetic fields, allowing for manipulation, guidance, and functionalisation within the body. This review encompasses a wide range of scientific and technological goals aimed in understanding their properties, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, surface functionalisation strategies and application. Drug delivery based on magnetic properties has advanced dramatically to enhance therapeutic bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivwery. Converting nanoparticles into MNPs involves introducing magnetic properties to the nanoparticles through core-shell structures, doping or coating with magnetic materials, physical or chemical reactions, or biological synthesis methods. However, this study demonstrates the versatility and potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for various biomedical applications. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo studies highlight MNPs' promising role in targeted drug delivery, imaging contrast enhancement, and magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Moving forward, further research is warranted to optimize MNPs' design, explore novel functionalization strategies, and address challenges related to biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory approval. Therefore, MNPs reflects transformative impact across various fields, emphasizing their potential to drive advancements in healthcare, environmental protection, and technology. Continued research and innovation in this field are expected to unlock new opportunities and address global challenges, driving progress towards a healthier, cleaner, and more technologically advanced future.

Nutraceutical Muffins: Development and Sensory Evaluation

2024-07-17T10:04:52+00:00

Health professionals and consumers are increasingly urging food corporations to produce healthier options, leading to a rise in the popularity of gluten-free flours like millet, sweet potatoes, and mung bean flour. Nutraceutical muffins offer a novel approach by combining the enjoyment of a tasty snack with the health benefits of bioactive compounds. These muffins are formulated with ingredients such as mung bean flour, spinach powder, guava powder, jaggery, and ghee to provide dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Gluten-free and suitable for diabetics, they also address health concerns such as energy enhancement, vitamin deficiency, constipation, and bone health. In conclusion, nutraceutical muffins present an exciting way to merge health and flavor, making functional ingredients easily accessible in daily diets. However, further research is needed to optimize their formulation and validate their health benefits.

Targeting calcium dependant/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and GABAergic transmission by drotaverine and hesperidin for amelioration of tardive dyskinesia

2024-09-18T07:57:38+00:00

Antipsychotics, commonly used for anxiety and psychosis, are linked to severe side effects like fatal ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and movement disorders, limiting their therapeutic use. This research aimed to explore novel mechanisms to treat psychotic anxiety while minimizing these risks. Drotaverine activates the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, while Hesperidin inhibits dopaminergic hyperactivity. Using a reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia model, which mimics tardive dyskinesia linked to oxidative stress, reserpine (1 mg/kg, s.c) was administered for three days. Rats were pre-treated with drotaverine (8 mg/kg, p.o) and hesperidin (50 mg/kg, p.o) for five days. Statistical analysis via one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test showed that reserpine significantly increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), tongue protrusions (TPs), and reduced locomotion and exploration. Pre-treatment with drotaverine and hesperidin reduced VCMs and TPs. Reserpine-treated rats had lower catalase and higher lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, indicators of oxidative stress, which were reversed by the drugs. Additionally, drotaverine improved cognition by modulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, and Hesperidin offered neuroprotection through GABAergic transmission. Both drugs, alone or in combination, demonstrate potential as alternative therapies for psychotic anxiety with neuroprotective benefits.

The secret of wetland: Marsilea quadrfolia as a promising green (wild) edible for health, hidden hunger and longevity from semiarid region

2024-09-11T17:03:12+00:00

The future food security and hidden hunger are the major challenges which lead the developing countries for the exploration of wild edibles. Wild edibles have also been explored for their nutritional values which can potentially contribute to solving the issues such as malnutrition and livelihood in developing and rural communities of various parts of the world. This is first study to evaluate the nutritional values and phytochemical screening of semiarid populations of Marsilea spp. The nutritional analysis reveals carbohydrate (0.63 %), protein (4.20 %), fat (5.0 %), dietary fiber (8.6 %) and mineral content. the study also attempts various antioxidant assays such as DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, CUPRAC and PMA. The results show Marsilea is a very rich source of nutrition and minerals. It may help in livelihood development in developing and poor countries. This fern can also be utilized for fortification and developing the cultivation practice of Marsilea.

Hygrophilla Auriculata Extract Loaded Microemulsion gel for treatment of skin cancer

2024-08-26T14:48:08+00:00

Globally, skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and is on the rise. It is broadly divided into Melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancer, or Keratinocyte carcinoma, which are malignancies produced from melanocytes and epidermal cells, respectively. One of the most deadly malignant illnesses, cancer can spread to other tissues and organs and exhibit unchecked and aberrant cell division. Therefore, achieving a safe formulation for the treatment of skin cancer is important. The aim of this research is to formulate the Hygrophila Auriculata Flower extract Loaded Microemulsion Gel with small droplet size, high drug concentration, and high stability for skin application. A magnetic stirrer was used to create the Hygrophila Auriculata Flower extract Loaded Microemulsion, which was examined for morphology, clarity, dilution, zeta potential, particle size, stability, and chromatography. The cytotoxicity study of the formulation was performed in A431 cells and compared with a marketed formulation. The smallest particle size of the emulsion droplets improves the bioavailability of the drug, playing a vital role in skin penetration and effectiveness against skin cancer. Hence, the study predicts that the Hygrophila Auriculata Flower extract Loaded Microemulsion Gel could be effective for the treatment of skin cancer in the future.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION COMBINATION OF CARBOPOL/HPMC POLYMER GELS CONTAINING OFLOXACIN FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2024-09-24T10:10:44+00:00

The current research focuses on assessing hydrochloride/HPMC polyethylene blends for uveitis drug delivery. Processes involving polypropylene (PP) matrices have shown similar behavior to solid lipid nanoparticles, with fluid sub-assemblies playing a larger role. Nanoemulsions, with long-chain structures, link drug dispersibility and rheology. The correct combination of polymer matrices is essential for designing an effective ocular drug delivery system.Further studies suggest that polypropylene enhances self-organization, while HPMC K100 improves drug dissolution and viscosity, particularly in formulations involving narcotics. A blend of three polymers has demonstrated effects on drug dissolution, dispersibility, and viscosity.Nanoemulsion-based formulations have shown the best results for drug dissolution and decent rheological properties. Cultured cell investigations indicate that higher levels of specific plastics improve dosage forms. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of polymer selection and formulation in optimizing drug delivery for uveitis treatment.

Change Control from Initiation to Implementation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Comprehensive Review

2024-07-26T05:49:52+00:00

Change control plays a role in cGMP, just as all aspects of quality management should continually strive for enhancement. It works with a prior mechanism that empowers designated personnel across fields to assess, as well as having permission to authorize proposing or doing modifications that would impact the status that was prevalidated for the process system, including facilities, systems, and equipment. Change management involves overseeing changes in staff, protocols, operations, and product standards. These changes can occur in areas such as manufacturing, quality control, quality assurance, engineering, research and development (R&D), and marketing. Depending on their significance, changes may be categorized as critical, major, or minor; they may also be classified as emergency, planned, or unplanned based on their nature. Effective change management encompasses the coordination of personnel resources along with protocols to ensure consistency in operations and product excellence. It is a component of GMP compliance, as regulatory bodies mandate companies to demonstrate proficiency in managing changes. The process entails initiating a change request, followed by evaluating its impact on the product before devising an action plan for implementation, ultimately culminating with the Change Control Board (CCB) making decisions regarding the proposed changes.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE-LOADED MICROEMULSION

2024-09-18T10:00:42+00:00

This report focuses on the development of nanoemulsions, highlighting their potential as innovative drug delivery systems. The study, titled "Fluticasone Butyrate-Equipped Micelle Liposomal Delivery," aims to improve dissolution rates and bioactivity. The emulsifier structures showed a clear quantum fluid velocity, and in-vitro studies since 2005 revealed that certain formulations enhanced drug dissolution rates compared to others. This improved solubilization could extend bioactivity, as seen with atropine propionate. The study also examined the physicochemical properties, with results depending on the composition of surfactant, co-surfactant, water, and oil in the formulations. Process graphs indicated thicker emulsifier regions at the micellar margin, which led to improved formulations. Enhanced dissolution rates, particularly in oil-based drugs, were linked to the presence of nano-sized particles (54.30 nm) with a zeta potential of +/-10.61 mV. Stability tests confirmed that the solid dispersion remained stable for six months. Overall, this research supports the potential of nanoemulsions to improve drug delivery and efficacy.

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Kalanchoe lanceolata for Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities

2024-07-17T09:47:30+00:00

The herb Kalanchoe lanceolata, which is widely used in traditional medicine, has showed promise in treating a range of ailments. Despite its widespread usage in traditional medicine, the phytochemical contents of K. lanceolata are not well studied, particularly in terms of its potential involvement in diabetes management. In this study, the objective was to identify the phytochemical constituents of K. lanceolata and determine how they can help with diabetes management. The whole plant methanolic, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts were analysed with GC-MS to identify bioactive components. In this study, 63 compounds were identified, 27 of which possess bioactive properties. Acorenone B, columbin, phytol, astaxanthin, β-sitosterol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and caryophyllene oxide are significant compounds found to be present in K. lanceolata. In silico molecular docking studies predicted the antidiabetic and antibacterial properties of phytochemical compounds. These compounds show potential as antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic agents. This study stresses the significance of K. lanceolata bioactive components and sheds light on the therapeutic potential in diabetes control.

Ameliorative effect of α-tocopherol and curcumin against the deleterious effects of hydrogenated (thermally oxidized) rice bran oil in rats

2024-09-18T07:41:03+00:00

Rice bran oil (RBO) is known for its health benefits due to its high content of natural antioxidants like tocotrienols, tocopherols, and oryzanols, which combat oxidative stress and inflammation. However, repeated heating of RBO above 110°C leads to degradation, forming harmful oxidative components and reducing its antioxidant content. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of thermally oxidized RBO on rats and the potential protective effects of curcumin and α-tocopherol supplementation. RBO was subjected to oxidative degradation through repeated frying cycles at temperatures ranging from 100°C to 180°C for 45 days. Physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of the oxidized RBO were analyzed. In vivo experiments evaluated serum biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters, along with oxidative and inflammatory responses in rats fed with oxidized RBO for 45 days. Results showed that thermal oxidation at 180°C significantly altered the chemical composition of RBO, increasing oxidative markers and reducing nutritional components. Consumption of oxidized RBO led to decreased body weight gain, elevated levels of various biochemical markers indicating liver and kidney dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, and increased oxidative and inflammatory damage in rats. However, supplementation with curcumin and α-tocopherol effectively mitigated these harmful effects. In conclusion, long-term consumption of thermally oxidized RBO negatively affects health parameters in rats, but fortification with curcumin and α-tocopherol helps alleviate these adverse effects