\documentclass[twocolumn,twoside]{article}
\makeatletter\if@twocolumn\PassOptionsToPackage{switch}{lineno}\else\fi\makeatother

\usepackage{amsfonts,amssymb,amsbsy,latexsym,amsmath,tabulary,graphicx,times,xcolor}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Following additional macros are required to function some 
% functions which are not available in the class used.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{url,multirow,morefloats,floatflt,cancel,tfrupee}
\makeatletter


\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{textcomp}{}{\usepackage{textcomp}}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage[nointegrals]{wasysym}
\urlstyle{rm}
\makeatletter

%%%For Table column width calculation.
\def\mcWidth#1{\csname TY@F#1\endcsname+\tabcolsep}

%%Hacking center and right align for table
\def\cAlignHack{\rightskip\@flushglue\leftskip\@flushglue\parindent\z@\parfillskip\z@skip}
\def\rAlignHack{\rightskip\z@skip\leftskip\@flushglue \parindent\z@\parfillskip\z@skip}

%Etal definition in references
\@ifundefined{etal}{\def\etal{\textit{et~al}}}{}


%\if@twocolumn\usepackage{dblfloatfix}\fi
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex\else\if@twocolumn\@ifpackageloaded{stfloats}{}{\usepackage{dblfloatfix}}\fi\fi

\AtBeginDocument{
\expandafter\ifx\csname eqalign\endcsname\relax
\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
\fi
}

%For fixing hardfail when unicode letters appear inside table with endfloat
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{endfloat}%
   {\renewcommand\efloat@iwrite[1]{\immediate\expandafter\protected@write\csname efloat@post#1\endcsname{}}}{\newif\ifefloat@tables}%
}%

\def\BreakURLText#1{\@tfor\brk@tempa:=#1\do{\brk@tempa\hskip0pt}}
\let\lt=<
\let\gt=>
\def\processVert{\ifmmode|\else\textbar\fi}
\let\processvert\processVert

\@ifundefined{subparagraph}{
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{5}{2\parindent}{0ex plus 0.1ex minus 0.1ex}%
{0ex}{\normalfont\small\itshape}}%
}{}

% These are now gobbled, so won't appear in the PDF.
\newcommand\role[1]{\unskip}
\newcommand\aucollab[1]{\unskip}
  
\@ifundefined{tsGraphicsScaleX}{\gdef\tsGraphicsScaleX{1}}{}
\@ifundefined{tsGraphicsScaleY}{\gdef\tsGraphicsScaleY{.9}}{}
% To automatically resize figures to fit inside the text area
\def\checkGraphicsWidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth
	\tsGraphicsScaleX\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}

\def\checkGraphicsHeight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>.9\textheight
	\tsGraphicsScaleY\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}

\def\fixFloatSize#1{}%\@ifundefined{processdelayedfloats}{\setbox0=\hbox{\includegraphics{#1}}\ifnum\wd0<\columnwidth\relax\renewenvironment{figure*}{\begin{figure}}{\end{figure}}\fi}{}}
\let\ts@includegraphics\includegraphics

\def\inlinegraphic[#1]#2{{\edef\@tempa{#1}\edef\baseline@shift{\ifx\@tempa\@empty0\else#1\fi}\edef\tempZ{\the\numexpr(\numexpr(\baseline@shift*\f@size/100))}\protect\raisebox{\tempZ pt}{\ts@includegraphics{#2}}}}

%\renewcommand{\includegraphics}[1]{\ts@includegraphics[width=\checkGraphicsWidth]{#1}}
\AtBeginDocument{\def\includegraphics{\@ifnextchar[{\ts@includegraphics}{\ts@includegraphics[width=\checkGraphicsWidth,height=\checkGraphicsHeight,keepaspectratio]}}}

\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}

\def\URL#1#2{\@ifundefined{href}{#2}{\href{#1}{#2}}}

%%For url break
\def\UrlOrds{\do\*\do\-\do\~\do\'\do\"\do\-}%
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}



\edef\fntEncoding{\f@encoding}
\def\EUoneEnc{EU1}
\makeatother
\def\floatpagefraction{0.8} 
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{0.8}
\def\style#1#2{#2}
\def\xxxguillemotleft{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont\guillemotleft}
\def\xxxguillemotright{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont\guillemotright}

\newif\ifmultipleabstract\multipleabstractfalse%
\newenvironment{typesetAbstractGroup}{}{}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\usepackage[authoryear]{natbib}



\newif\ifnokeywords\nokeywordsfalse

\makeatletter\input{size10-pointfive.clo}\makeatother%
\definecolor{kwdboxcolor}{RGB}{242,242,242}
\usepackage[hidelinks,colorlinks=true,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
\linespread{1}                 
\def\floatpagefraction{0.8}

\usepackage[paperheight=11.69in,paperwidth=8.26in,top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=.75in,headsep=24pt]{geometry}

\usepackage{multirow-custom}

\makeatletter

\def\hlinewd#1{%
  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height #1%
  \futurelet\reserved@a\@xhline}
\def\tbltoprule{\hlinewd{1pt}\\[-14pt]}
\def\tblbottomrule{\noalign{\vspace*{6pt}}\hline\noalign{\vspace*{2pt}}}
\def\tblmidrule{\hline\noalign{\vspace*{2pt}}}



\let\@articleType\@empty
\let\@journalDoi\@empty
\let\@journalVolume\@empty
\let\@journalIssue\@empty
\let\@crossMarkLink\@empty
\let\@receivedDate\@empty
\let\@acceptedDate\@empty
\let\@revisedDate\@empty
\let\@publishedDate\@empty
\let\@copyrightYear\@empty
\let\@firstPage\@empty
\def\articleType#1{\gdef\@articleType{#1}}
\def\journalDoi#1{\gdef\@journalDoi{#1}}
\def\crossMarkLink#1{\gdef\@crossMarkLink{#1}}
\def\receivedDate#1{\gdef\@receivedDate{#1}}
\def\acceptedDate#1{\gdef\@acceptedDate{#1}}
\def\revisedDate#1{\gdef\@revisedDate{#1}}
\def\publishedDate#1{\gdef\@publishedDate{#1}}
\def\copyrightYear#1{\gdef\@copyrightYear{#1}}
\def\journalVolume#1{\gdef\@journalVolume{#1}}
\def\journalIssue#1{\gdef\@journalIssue{#1}}
\def\firstPage#1{\gdef\@firstPage{#1}}
\let\@issuelogo\@empty%
\let\@issuelogoex\@empty%
\def\issuelogo#1{\gdef\@issuelogo{#1}}
\def\issuelogoex#1{\gdef\@issuelogoex{#1}}


\def\author#1{%
  \gdef\@author{%
    \hskip-\dimexpr(\tabcolsep)\hskip5pt%
    \parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-1pt}%
    {\fontsize{11}{13}\selectfont\raggedright #1}%
  }%
}


\usepackage{pharmascope-abs}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage[noindentafter,explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage{fontspec}

\setmainfont[%
BoldFont=cambriab.ttf,%
ItalicFont=CAMBRIAI.TTF,%
BoldItalicFont=CAMBRIAZ.TTF]{Cambria.ttf}
\lefthyphenmin = 3

\def\title#1{%
  \gdef\@title{%
      \vspace*{-40pt}%
       \ifx\@articleType\@empty\else{\fontsize{10}{12}\scshape\selectfont\hspace{8pt}\@articleType\hfill\mbox{}\par\vspace{2pt}}\fi%
       \minipage{\linewidth}
         \hrulefill\\[-0.7pt]%%{\includegraphics[width=75pt,height=50pt]{ijrps_logo.png}}\hfill
         \mbox{~}\hspace{5pt}\parbox{.1\linewidth}{\IfFileExists{images/\@issuelogo.\@issuelogoex}{\includegraphics[width=79pt,height=61pt]{images/\@issuelogo.\@issuelogoex}}{\includegraphics[width=75pt,height=50pt]{ijrps_logo.png}}}\hfill
         \fcolorbox{kwdboxcolor}{kwdboxcolor}{\parbox{.792\linewidth}{%
          \begin{center}\fontsize{17}{17}\selectfont\scshape\vskip-7pt International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences\hfill\end{center}%
          \vspace*{-10pt}\hspace*{4pt}{\fontsize{8}{9}\selectfont Published by JK Welfare \& Pharmascope Foundation\hfill  Journal Home Page: \href{www.ijrps.com}{\color{blue}\underline{\smash{www.ijrps.com}}}}\hspace*{4pt}\mbox{}}}%
       \par\vspace*{-1pt}\rule{\linewidth}{1.3pt}%
       \endminipage%
    \par\vspace*{9.2pt}\parbox{.98\linewidth}{\linespread{.9}\raggedright\fontsize{14}{17}\selectfont #1}%
    \vspace*{-8pt}%
  }
}


\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{0.4pc plus 1pt minus 1pt}

\def\abbrvJournalTitle{Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci.}

\fancypagestyle{headings}{%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
  \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.3pt}
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[R]{%
    \fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\RunningAuthor,\ \abbrvJournalTitle,\ \ifx\@journalVolume\@empty X\else\@journalVolume\fi%
    \ifx\@journalIssue\@empty\else(\@journalIssue)\fi%
    ,\ \ifx\@firstPage\@empty 1\else\@firstPage\fi-\pageref*{LastPage}%
  }%
  \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\textcopyright\ International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}%
  \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\thepage}
}\pagestyle{headings}

                                                         
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
  \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.3pt}%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[R]{%
    \fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\RunningAuthor,\ \abbrvJournalTitle,\ \ifx\@journalVolume\@empty X\else\@journalVolume\fi%
    \ifx\@journalIssue\@empty\else(\@journalIssue)\fi%
    ,\ \ifx\@firstPage\@empty 1\else\@firstPage\fi-\pageref*{LastPage}%
  }%
  \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\textcopyright\ International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}%
  \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\thepage}
  \ifx\@firstPage\@empty\else\setcounter{page}{\@firstPage}\fi
}


\def\NormalBaseline{\def\baselinestretch{1.1}}
\usepackage{textcase}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}

\titleformat{\section}[block]{\bfseries\boldmath\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{13}\selectfont}
{\thesection}
{6pt}
{\MakeTextUppercase{#1}}
[]
\titleformat{\subsection}[block]{\bfseries\boldmath\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubsection}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\subsubsection}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubsubsection}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\paragraph}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{10}\selectfont}
{\theparagraph}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\subparagraph}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubparagraph}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\paragraph}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subparagraph}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}

\captionsetup[figure]{skip=1.4pt,font=bf,labelsep=colon,justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=false}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=1.4pt,font=bf,labelsep=colon,justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=false}

\def\bibyear#1{#1}
%\def\bibjtitle#1{#1}   %%Publisher request
\def\bibauand{}
\setlength\bibsep{3pt}
\setlength\bibhang{8pt}

\makeatother
\date{}


\usepackage{float}

\begin{document}


\def\RunningAuthor{Suresh Joghee et al.}
\firstPage{5395}
\articleType{Review Article}
\receivedDate{15 May 2020}
\acceptedDate{23 Apr 2020}
\revisedDate{15 Apr 2020}
\journalVolume{2020, 11}
\journalIssue{4}
\journalDoi{ijrps.v11i4.3162}
\copyrightYear{2020}
\def\authorCount{3}
\def\affCount{1}

\def\journalTitle{International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}

\title{\textbf{Andrographis Paniculata {\textendash} A Review}}
\author{Sadhana~H~M,  
            Suresh~Joghee\textsuperscript{*}, 
            Hamsalakshmi~\\[5pt]{Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India}}

\begin{abstract}
\textit{Andrographis paniculata} (AP) is commonly known as creat or green chiretta belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is also known as Kalmegh and popularly called as King of bitters. It was widely used in the traditional system of medicines such as Siddha system, Ayurvedic system and Chinese medicine for the regular treatment of a common cold.  Some of the reported health benefits are Antidiabetic, Antipyretic, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Antimalarial, Anti-cancer, Antityphoid, Anti-diarrhoea, antioedema, etc. Whole plant possesses medicinal property and leaves are explicitly used for therapeutic care. The plant contains four major diterpenoids such as andrographolide, neoandrographolide,14-deoxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and also includes other phytoconstituents such as flavonoids sesquiterpene lactones, etc. Andrographolide is found as major constituent in the leaves and reported for a wide variety of pharmacological activities. The purpose of this review is to brief the plant's literature survey via internet sources such as google scholar and PubMed providing a medium to explain the plant's ethnobotany information on conventional usage, essential chemical constituents and selected plant pharmacology activities are obtained from existing research articles to frame the review. The present analysis also illustrates the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of \textit{Andrographis } \textit{paniculata }from which researchers may get benefited for further qualitative research.
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Ethnobotany,\newline Andrographolide,\newline common cold,\newline chemical constituents
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright\textsuperscript{*}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Suresh~Joghee~\\ Phone:\ +919480197611~\\  Email:\ jsuresh@jssuni.edu.in
        \par}\vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\par{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont ISSN: 0975-7538}\par% 
        \textsc{DOI:}\ \href{https://doi.org/10.26452/\@journalDoi}{\textcolor{blue}{\underline{\smash{https://doi.org/10.26452/\@journalDoi}}}}\par%
        \vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\\{\fontsize{9.12}{10.12}\selectfont Production and Hosted by}\par{IJRPS |~\href{www.ijrps.com}{www.ijrps.com}}\par%
        \vspace*{-2pt}{\fontsize{9.12}{10.12}\selectfont\textcopyright\ \@copyrightYear\ $|$ All rights reserved.}\par%
        \vspace*{-11pt}\rule{\linewidth}{1.2pt}
        \makeatother
        
    
\section{Introduction}
Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant native to India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Indonesia and has a spread in China, Thailand, Mauritius, East and West Indies \unskip~\citep{843402:19921787}. The plant usage was found in Chinese, Ayurvedic \unskip~\citep{843402:19921768}, and the Siddha system of medicine \unskip~\citep{843402:19921780}. The plant contains significant diterpene lactone known as andrographolide,which is responsible for antimalarial and anticancer activities \unskip~\citep{843402:19921780}. Andrographolide can be isolated and purified by column chromatography methods, hydrotropic microwave-assisted extraction, and soxhlet extraction \unskip~\citep{843402:19921775}. Its purity is determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, UV absorption spectrum, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Andrographolide is found more in leaves \unskip~\citep{843402:19921776}, whereas seeds have the lowest content \unskip~\citep{843402:19921773}.

AP has the document of showing antifungal, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, antiviral,choleretic, and hypocholesterolemic activity. The plant is known for its blood purifying activity \unskip~\citep{843402:19921779}. The herbal medicine of AP was widely used in the treatment of cancer, hypertension, influenza, and antidiabetic by the people of Asia, America, and Africa. AP also has shown anti-tumour, and anti-metastatic effects on Esophageal cancer (EC) \unskip~\citep{843402:19921771}. AP is also used as a herbicidal agent \unskip~\citep{843402:19921756}.

\textbf{Pharmacognosy and Distribution}


  
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \relax AP is a herbaceous plant usually grows in shady and moist places.
  \item \relax It is an annual herb that grows to a height of 30-110 cm. 
  \item \relax The stem is green in colour and leans in shape, and long pointed leaves are present. 
  \item \relax The plant has flowers, fruits, and small yellow-brown seeds. \unskip~\citep{843402:19921764}.
  \end{enumerate}
  \textbf{Phytoconstituents}

Twenty diterpenoids, ten flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactone  were reported from AP. The major diterpenoids are andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographide, isoandrographolide. 

Ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Ethanol or methanol extract contain 2'-O-\ensuremath{\beta }-D-glucopyranoside, 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8 dimethoxyflavone, 7-O-methylwogonin, 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone, 2'-hydroxy-5, 7 ,8 trimethoxyflavone, wightin, 5,7,8,2' tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone, andrographolide A, 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxy flavone, andrographolide B, and rographolide C, from roots \ensuremath{\beta }-sitosterol, \ensuremath{\beta }-daucosterol and lupeol, triacylglycerols, monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from pods were isolated. Andrographis acid a diterpenoid was reported \unskip~\citep{843402:19921777,843402:19926814,843402:19921766,843402:19921763}.

\textbf{Taxonomic Classification}

 Kingdom-Plantae

Order-Lamiales

Family-Acanthaceae

Genus-Andrographis

Species- paniculata

\textbf{Vernacular names\ensuremath{^{}}}

Arabic: Quasabhuva

Gujarati: Kariyatu

Tamil: Nilavembu

Kannada: Nelaberu

Telugu: Nelavembu

Marathi: Oil-kiryata

Hindi: Kirayat

Sanskrit: Kalamegha \unskip~\citep{843402:19921778}Figure~\ref{f-562318f47699}


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/6a5de158-71ca-4f10-aa16-126264341dd6-upicture1.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/6a5de158-71ca-4f10-aa16-126264341dd6-upicture1.png}{\includegraphics{images/6a5de158-71ca-4f10-aa16-126264341dd6-upicture1.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Andrographis paniculata plant in Natural Habitat}}
\label{f-562318f47699}
\end{figure}
\egroup
\textbf{Cultivation and Propagation}

Usually cultivated by seeds, grows well in any type of soil with proper organic matter. The plant can be cultivated in plain land, grounds, hills, moist habitat, farms, and roadsides. It can also be grown through tissue culture.Andrographolide will be more in leaves during flowering. Good yield can be got within 90-100 days.The rainy season is the best time to cultivate the plant \unskip~\citep{843402:19921787,843402:19921764}.

\textbf{Reported therapeutic activities}

Antimalarial,Antiviral, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Sedative, Vermicidal, Antipyretic, Expectorant and many more pharmacological activities are reported by AP \unskip~\citep{843402:19921761}Table~\ref{tw-b52ca573f61e}.


\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Ethnobotanical uses} }
\label{tw-b52ca573f61e}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.20\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}Part of the plant used & Used by & Used in the form & Treat/Manage & References\\
\tblmidrule 
Whole plant &
  Amada, Cholanaikkan, Paniya, Kuruman, Muthuvan tribal people of Malappuram district, Kerala, India &
  - &
  Cholera, Cancer &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921762}\\
Whole plant &
  Yerukalas tribal people of cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh, India &
  Decoction &
  Stomachic &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921769}\\
Whole plant &
  Yerukalas tribal people of cuddapah district, Andhra Pradesh, India &
  Decoction + cow urine+ pinch of benzoin &
  Edema &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921782}\\
Seeds, Leaves &
  Chanchal block of Malda district, West Bengal, India &
  A paste of seeds, leaves + Tulsi leaves paste +basak +honey consumed with warm milk &
  Bronchitis &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921786}\\
The whole plant, Leaves &
  Santhal tribe of Dohanagar, Naogaon, Bangladesh &
   Leaves paste       \mbox{}\protect\newline Juice of the whole plant  \mbox{}\protect\newline Juice of whole plant + salt + water     &
  Wounds itches Fever. \mbox{}\protect\newline Dysentery, diarrhoea   \mbox{}\protect\newline Helminthiasis       &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921781}\\
Leaves &
  People of kolli hills Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India &
  Powder+ cow/goat milk &
  Diabetes &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921784}\\
Whole plant &
  Baiga tribe, India  &
  Plant extract &
      Antityphoid,     \mbox{}\protect\newline Antifungal &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921758}\\
Roots &
  Irula villages, India &
  - &
  Snake Antidote &
  \unskip~\citep{843402:19921785}\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}
\textbf{Common cold}

In this study, Kan Jang tablets made from Andrographis paniculata  were given to group I~with 52 volunteers and a placebo was given to group 2 with 53 volunteers for about three months by regular health check-up of the common cold. The results showed no change in group I~and group II in the 1\ensuremath{^{st }} and 2\ensuremath{^{nd}} month, but in 3\ensuremath{^{rd}} month the chances of occurrence of cold were 2.1 times lower for a group I~that is 33\% protection effect was reported \unskip~\citep{843402:19921757}.\ensuremath{^{}}

\textbf{Antipyretic activity}

The research aimed to show the antipyretic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Andrographis paniculatain Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats. Pyrexia was induced in the rats, and 25 female albino rats were selected and divided into five groups, 5 in each group. Group 1 acted as a control. Group 2 was served with 150mg/kg of paracetamol, and group 3 was given with 50mg/kg of AP methanolic leaf extract, group 4 and group 5 was served orally with 100mg/kg,200mg/kg of AP methanolic leaf extract respectively and body temperature was measured at 30,60,90,120 mins time interval. The reports concluded that group 5 showed significant antipyretic effects when compared to standard drugs \unskip~\citep{843402:19926602}.

\textbf{Antidiabetic activity}

In this research, ethanolic extract and hot water extract of AP were studied for hypoglycaemic activity. Both the extracts demonstrated hypoglycaemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and glucose administered rats. The ethanolic extract reduced blood sugar level by 46.21\%, and hot water extract reduced blood sugar level by 45.13\% in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ethanolic extract and hot water extract reduced the blood glucose level by 41.81\% and 41.51 \% respectively, in glucose administered rats. Hence this study concluded that both the extracts showed hypoglycaemic activity \unskip~\citep{843402:19921759}.

\textbf{Antibacterial activity}

In the present study, 100 urine samples of suspicious patients were acquired and examined for the presence of bacteria and found to identify 47 isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis,and Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanolic extract of AP was analyzed for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The results showed more inhibitory activity towards Staphylococcus aureus  26mm,Escherichia coli21mm,Klebsiella pneumonia 23mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19mm but no antimicrobial activity was reported in Proteus mirabilis. The study also reported the presence of oils, resins, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and steroids in AP ethanolic extract. Hence this work confirmed the presence of Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of AP \unskip~\citep{843402:19921770}.

\textbf{Wound healing activity}

The wound healing property of AP was analyzed in Albino Wistar rats. They were selected and divided into four groups. Group 1 was served with topical application of blank placebo, group 2 were dressed with placebo having 5\% AP extract, group 3 rats were applied 10\% AP extract, and group 4 were used with intrasite gel. The results found that groups 3 and 4 reported better wound healing property compared to groups 1 and 2 \unskip~\citep{843402:19921772}.

\textbf{Antioxidant and gastroprotective activity}

Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of AP were studied for its antioxidant and gastroprotective activities.Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups, 6 in each group the rats were made to withdraw from food for two days and then treated with orogastric incubations. Group 1 was treated with carboxymethyl cellulose, group 2 is positive control which received omeprazole,group 3 and group 4 was given with 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg of aqueous AP leaf extract respectively, group 5 and 6 were served with 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg of ethanolic AP leaf extract respectively and the rats were given 95\% ethanol orally after 1 hour. The rats were sacrificed and analyzed for histology. The results showed a notable and dose-dependent reduction in the gastric lesion and increased mucus content and gastric lesion of the stomach in groups 2, 3, 4. Whereas group 5, 6 showed better gastroprotective activity \unskip~\citep{843402:19921765}.

\textbf{Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity}

Chloroform, water, acetone, isoamyl alcohol, ethanol, petroleum ether extracts of AP were studied for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Isoamyl alcohol followed by ethanol extract reported more antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria - Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria {\textendash} Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia but no activity was shown by chloroform,acetone,water,petroleum ether extracts in gram-positive bacteria. No inhibition was seen in Escherichia coli by isoamyl alcohol, and ethanolic extracts were analyzed for their antioxidant activity and reported to have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity \unskip~\citep{843402:19921760}.

\textbf{Antimalarial activity}

1,8-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy xanthone, 4,8-Dihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy xanthone, 1,2-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy xanthone,3,7,8- Trimethoxy-8-hydroxy xanthone were isolated and characterized and checked for antimalarial activity using NMR,MS,IR spectroscopic methods. The results of in vitro study showed that 1,2-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy xanthone has more anti-plasmodial activity with IC\ensuremath{_{50\ }} value 4\ensuremath{\mu}g/ml. It also showed antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice provided with 30mg/kg dose through IP route for four days in vivo system resulted in a substantial reduction of 62 \% in parasitaemia \unskip~\citep{843402:19921774}.

\textbf{Hepatoprotective activity}

This research was carried to know LD\ensuremath{_{50}} and hepatoprotective effect of aqueous leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride (CCl\ensuremath{_{4}}) intoxicated rats, 30Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 5 each group I~was control fed with 1ml/kg per day up to 5 days,a group I,II,III,IV,V,VI were given with standard dye and tap water on the 1\ensuremath{^{st}} day.Group II was induction control given with 30\% carbon tetrachloride in 1ml/kg for four days, group III was given with 30\% CCl\ensuremath{_{4\ }}in liquid paraffin and silymarin 100mg/kg from 2\ensuremath{^{nd}} day to 5\ensuremath{^{th}} day, group IV, V, VI are administered with 100,200,300 mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of AP from 2\ensuremath{^{nd}} day to 5\ensuremath{^{th}} day. On 6\ensuremath{^{th}} day animals were sacrificed. The results showed an increase in activity of aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase in rats which are treated with CCl\ensuremath{_{4}}\ensuremath{_{}} and extract-treated rats.Evident reduction in serum levels of total protein, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione, albumin came to normal levels in rats treated with CCl\ensuremath{_{4}} and the plant extract. LD\ensuremath{_{50\ of\ }}the plant extract was more than 300mg/kg.Thus the study concluded AP leaf extract showed hepatoprotective effect \unskip~\citep{843402:19921767}.
    
\section{Conclusion}
Plants are considered to be safe, economical and less toxic among the most significant sources of medicinal products.The majority of the population even now depends upon medicinal plants for medical care. Medicinal plants are less known to show adverse effects. WHO reported around 21,000 plant species are recognized as medicinal plants. Andrographis paniculata is one such medicinal plant used from ancient times, and it is noted for its wide range of ethnobotanical uses. This review on Andrographis paniculata reported activities such as Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, and Hepatoprotective.It is also used in the treatment of cold, wound healing, cancer, ulcer, and skin diseases. There are still a few pharmacological activities to report, so further studies are required to be carried out.

\textbf{Conflict of interest}

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for this study.

\textbf{Funding support}

The authors declare that they have no funding support for this study.
    

\bibliographystyle{pharmascope_apa-custom}

\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}
