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\def\RunningAuthor{Dhanraj Ganapathy and Nithyanandham Masilamani}
\firstPage{962}
\articleType{Original Article}
\receivedDate{04 Aug 2020}
\acceptedDate{23 Aug 2020}
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\title{\textbf{Awareness about Regenerative Therapy with of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) among Dental Students}}
\author{Nithyanandham~Masilamani, 
            Dhanraj~Ganapathy\textsuperscript{*}~\\[5pt]{Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}

\begin{abstract}
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), serving as a vehicle and wellspring of development factors, is a homologous plasma formulation with congregated platelets broadly studied for its applications as a bioactive scaffold in cell-based intervention and tissue engineering. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness about regenerative therapy with platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) among dental students. A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire with ten questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about PRP regenerative therapy in surgical applications, their endodontic uses, periodontal applications, impant surgical applications and bone healing. The responses were recorded and analysed. 82\% of the respondents were aware of surgical applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 73\% were aware of endodontic uses of regenerative therapy. 77\% of the respondents were aware of periodontal applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 75\% of the respondents were aware of surgical implant applications of PRP regenerative therapy. 78 \% of the respondents were aware of bone healing properties of PRP regenerative therapy. The awareness about the use of PRP regenerative therapy in dental  applications is high among dental students. Increased awareness programs and sensitization and continuing dental education programs along with more significant importance to the curricular modifications, can further enhance knowledge and awareness about PRP regenerative therapy.
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Awareness,\newline Platelet Rich Plasma,\newline Dental Students
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright\textsuperscript{*}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Dhanraj~Ganapathy~\\ Phone:\ 9841504523~\\  Email:\ dhanrajmganapathy@yahoo.co.in
        \par}\vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\par{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont ISSN: 0975-7538}\par% 
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\section{Introduction}
Regenerative treatments have been developing as practical medicines for some illnesses. The significant helpful advantages of regenerative medication originate from the paracrine activity of trophic variables at critical focuses which, among numerous activities, animate endogenous begetter cells to advance multiplication and recuperating \unskip~\citep{863536:20118729}. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), serving as a vehicle and wellspring of development factors, is a homologous plasma readiness with congregated platelets widely explored for its postulation as a bioactive framework in cell-based treatment and tissue designing \unskip~\citep{863536:20118716}.

As of late, PRP has step by step become a concentration in regenerative medicine for its utilization in dental and medical procedures. Numerous examinations have detailed the viability of PRP as a management methodology in various oral issue \unskip~\citep{863536:20118728,863536:20118718}. However, a few concerns ought to be noted, especially as to the planning of PRP management and the real clinical impact on the oral issue, and techniques for PRP preparation \unskip~\citep{863536:20118720,863536:20118724}. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness about regenerative therapy with Platelet Rich Plasma among dental students.
    
\section{Materials and Methods}
A cross-sectional survey was done with a self-administered questionnaire with ten questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about PRP regenerative therapy in surgical applications, their endodontic uses, periodontal applications, impant surgical applications and bone healing. The responses were recorded and analysed.
    
\section{Results and Discussion}
82\% of the respondents were aware of surgical applications of PRP regenerative therapy (Figure~\ref{f-597445227adb}). 73\% were aware of endodontic uses of PRP regenerative therapy (Figure~\ref{f-9f1d9e30b222}). 77\% of the respondents were aware of periodontal applications of PRP regenerative therapy (Figure~\ref{f-ed1198f850b8}) 75\% of the respondents were aware of surgical implant applications of PRP regenerative therapy (Figure~\ref{f-b9a929d36428}) 78 \% of the respondents were aware of bone healing properties of PRP regenerative therapy (Figure~\ref{f-d64a0028ebf3}).


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\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Awareness of surgical applications of PRP regenerative therapy}}
\label{f-597445227adb}
\end{figure}
\egroup
PRP is proposed as a prospective platform for recuperative endodontic treatment [9]. In any case, in numerous preclinical creature considers and confined clinical case reports, PRP initiated the growth of vascular connective weave in endodontically sterilized root canals; however, demonstrated insignificant proof of dentin arrangement. In this manner, no current PRP items could go about as platforms to recover the dentin-pulp complex \unskip~\citep{863536:20118727,863536:20118709}. A definitive objective of recuperative endodontics is the dynamic quest for pulp and dentin recovery through the utilization of tissue building innovation. In any case, the advancement of this innovation stays in the beginning periods. Extra translational examinations are expected to explore the result of the use of PRP in regenerative endodontic management, just as to set up a normalized PRP arrangement convention concerning platelet focus, type of clotting activator, and leukocyte content with the ideal capacity to impact organic effects \unskip~\citep{863536:20118720}.


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\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Awareness of endodontic uses of PRP regenerative therapy}}
\label{f-9f1d9e30b222}
\end{figure}
\egroup
Distributed clinical reports have uncovered an assortment of dubious results as for the helpful viability of PRP in periodontal regenerative systems. For sure, numerous variables can impact the consequences of periodontal regenerative treatment in these reports, including research configuration, clinical boundaries, graft materials, or perception period. The other impact of PRP when utilized in blend with various joining materials has been disputable in a set of controlled clinical examinations. For instance, a few investigations had indicated more noteworthy enhancements in PD decrease and CAL when PRP was joined with a uniting material, while others have neglected to exhibit critical contrasts \unskip~\citep{863536:20118712}.


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\caption{\boldmath {Awareness of periodontal applications of PRP regenerative therapy}}
\label{f-ed1198f850b8}
\end{figure}
\egroup
In light of the moderate metabolism of bony tissue, radiographic bone fill may necessitate a more drawn out perception period to identify a positive outcome. Thus, the right investigation plan, cautious assurance of the surgery, and expanded perception time ought to be viewed as when utilizing PRP as a possibility for clinical periodontal regenerative management \unskip~\citep{863536:20118711}.


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\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Awareness of surgical implant applications of PRP regenerative therapy}}
\label{f-b9a929d36428}
\end{figure}
\egroup
PRP was first acquainted with the oral and maxillofacial medical procedure network by \unskip~\citet{863536:20118714}. PRP incorporates numerous development factors that can impact wound recuperating, embed arrangement, and reconstructive medical procedure of mandibular deformities \unskip~\citep{863536:20118726}. Critical upgrades in neighbourhood conditions are seen after PRP application. So far, contemplates have uncovered that the high grouping of development factors discharged in the alveolar attachment following tooth extraction builds tissue recovery and forestalls the event of nearby complexities \unskip~\citep{863536:20118725}.


\bgroup
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\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Awareness of bone healing properties of PRP regenerative therapy}}
\label{f-d64a0028ebf3}
\end{figure}
\egroup
Delicate tissue mending is reinforced through the use of PRP, which expands collagen content, advances angiogenesis, and upgrades early twisted quality. PRP is likewise a legitimate method for advancing bone recovery at the distal surface of the mandibular second molar after extraction of affected third molars. PRP allegedly improves bone recovery in its initial stages. As of late, in vitro examinations of the cell instrument fundamental improvement of a bone fix have reasoned that PRP invigorates chemotactic relocation and expansion of human mesenchymal cells in a portion subordinate way without loss of their potential for osteogenic advancement \unskip~\citep{863536:20118715}. However, some different investigations on autologous development factors demonstrated unfavourable outcomes with advancing bone arrangement and recuperating. Randy et al. revealed that PRP treatment decreased the osteoinductivity of the demineralized bone framework in immunocompromised mice \unskip~\citep{863536:20118722}. These outcomes recommend that most of the surveyed clinical preliminaries have revealed empowering results, further appropriately controlled and all around structured clinical preliminaries are expected to give a strong proof of the limit of PRP for regenerative management in an oral medical procedure.

Platelet-rich concentrates, for example, PRP and PRF are ongoing developments being used in harmed dental tissue designing. PRP is a prototype of PRP protein acquired from whole blood and centrifuged to expel the red platelets. The rotator speed and term have been accounted for to impact platelet amount, advancement rates, development factor discharge, and PRP adequacy \unskip~\citep{863536:20118713}. PRF is a second-age platelet-rich concentrate where autologous platelets and leukocytes are available in a perplexing fibrin network. It was set up from whole blood without expansion of anticoagulants. Normal PRF is centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 10 min \unskip~\citep{863536:20118713}.

The benefits of utilizing PRF incorporate simplicity of planning, and no expansion of biochemical causal agent or anticoagulants. Contrasted and PRP, which becomes fluid finished results that have momentary impacts, PRF fibrin arrange structures a single tridimensional structure with long haul impact on tissue recovery by conveying cytokines gradually. PRP ought to be newly arranged and utilized inside 4 hours, as practically 95\% of the development factors are discharged inside the main hour after planning. Interestingly, PRF animates the microenvironments of tissue mending for an extensive timeframe and keeps on discharging development factors as long as about a month. Be that as it may, PRF isn't equipped for supplanting PRP in every single remedial zone, and its minimal three-dimensional structure impedes its utilization as an injectable specialist \unskip~\citep{863536:20118710}. PRF is utilized for supplanting harmed tissues in orthopaedics and wound recuperation. Also, a higher arrival of PDGF-BB, TGF-\ensuremath{\beta }1 and VEGF was seen in PRP than in PRF in the initial 8 hours after PRP formulations. Specific platelet collection hindrance acted in PRP, yet not in PRF, may be an essential factor in development factor yield \unskip~\citep{863536:20118723}.

As a biologic careful added substance, PRP has been effectively utilized for different utilities in dental regenerative medication. Be that as it may, a few uses of PRP stay dubious \unskip~\citep{863536:20118717}. To additionally investigate the clinical focal points of PRP, the summed up signs for its application and deliberate planning conventions ought to be built up. Different examinations are expected to build up the helpful viability of PRP in regenerative dentistry; these investigations ought to incorporate randomized, controlled clinical preliminaries intended to survey the drawn-out advantages and extreme results of the utilization of PRP. By and large, PRP treatment seems to have a splendid application in regenerative dentistry.
    
\section{Conclusion}
The awareness about the use of PRP regenerative therapy in dental  applications is high among dental students. Increased awareness programs and sensitization and continuing dental education programs along with more significant importance to the curricular modifications, can further enhance knowledge and awareness about PRP regenerative therapy.

\textbf{Funding Support}

The authors declare that they have no funding support for this study.

\textbf{Conflict of Interest}

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for this study.
    

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