\documentclass[twocolumn,twoside]{article}
\makeatletter\if@twocolumn\PassOptionsToPackage{switch}{lineno}\else\fi\makeatother

\usepackage{amsfonts,amssymb,amsbsy,latexsym,amsmath,tabulary,graphicx,times,xcolor}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Following additional macros are required to function some 
% functions which are not available in the class used.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{url,multirow,morefloats,floatflt,cancel,tfrupee}
\makeatletter


\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{textcomp}{}{\usepackage{textcomp}}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage[nointegrals]{wasysym}
\urlstyle{rm}
\makeatletter

%%%For Table column width calculation.
\def\mcWidth#1{\csname TY@F#1\endcsname+\tabcolsep}

%%Hacking center and right align for table
\def\cAlignHack{\rightskip\@flushglue\leftskip\@flushglue\parindent\z@\parfillskip\z@skip}
\def\rAlignHack{\rightskip\z@skip\leftskip\@flushglue \parindent\z@\parfillskip\z@skip}

%Etal definition in references
\@ifundefined{etal}{\def\etal{\textit{et~al}}}{}


%\if@twocolumn\usepackage{dblfloatfix}\fi
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex\else\if@twocolumn\@ifpackageloaded{stfloats}{}{\usepackage{dblfloatfix}}\fi\fi

\AtBeginDocument{
\expandafter\ifx\csname eqalign\endcsname\relax
\def\eqalign#1{\null\vcenter{\def\\{\cr}\openup\jot\m@th
  \ialign{\strut$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil&$\displaystyle{{}##}$\hfil
      \crcr#1\crcr}}\,}
\fi
}

%For fixing hardfail when unicode letters appear inside table with endfloat
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{endfloat}%
   {\renewcommand\efloat@iwrite[1]{\immediate\expandafter\protected@write\csname efloat@post#1\endcsname{}}}{\newif\ifefloat@tables}%
}%

\def\BreakURLText#1{\@tfor\brk@tempa:=#1\do{\brk@tempa\hskip0pt}}
\let\lt=<
\let\gt=>
\def\processVert{\ifmmode|\else\textbar\fi}
\let\processvert\processVert

\@ifundefined{subparagraph}{
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{5}{2\parindent}{0ex plus 0.1ex minus 0.1ex}%
{0ex}{\normalfont\small\itshape}}%
}{}

% These are now gobbled, so won't appear in the PDF.
\newcommand\role[1]{\unskip}
\newcommand\aucollab[1]{\unskip}
  
\@ifundefined{tsGraphicsScaleX}{\gdef\tsGraphicsScaleX{1}}{}
\@ifundefined{tsGraphicsScaleY}{\gdef\tsGraphicsScaleY{.9}}{}
% To automatically resize figures to fit inside the text area
\def\checkGraphicsWidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth
	\tsGraphicsScaleX\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}

\def\checkGraphicsHeight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>.9\textheight
	\tsGraphicsScaleY\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}

\def\fixFloatSize#1{}%\@ifundefined{processdelayedfloats}{\setbox0=\hbox{\includegraphics{#1}}\ifnum\wd0<\columnwidth\relax\renewenvironment{figure*}{\begin{figure}}{\end{figure}}\fi}{}}
\let\ts@includegraphics\includegraphics

\def\inlinegraphic[#1]#2{{\edef\@tempa{#1}\edef\baseline@shift{\ifx\@tempa\@empty0\else#1\fi}\edef\tempZ{\the\numexpr(\numexpr(\baseline@shift*\f@size/100))}\protect\raisebox{\tempZ pt}{\ts@includegraphics{#2}}}}

%\renewcommand{\includegraphics}[1]{\ts@includegraphics[width=\checkGraphicsWidth]{#1}}
\AtBeginDocument{\def\includegraphics{\@ifnextchar[{\ts@includegraphics}{\ts@includegraphics[width=\checkGraphicsWidth,height=\checkGraphicsHeight,keepaspectratio]}}}

\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathpzc}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}

\def\URL#1#2{\@ifundefined{href}{#2}{\href{#1}{#2}}}

%%For url break
\def\UrlOrds{\do\*\do\-\do\~\do\'\do\"\do\-}%
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}



\edef\fntEncoding{\f@encoding}
\def\EUoneEnc{EU1}
\makeatother
\def\floatpagefraction{0.8} 
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{0.8}
\def\style#1#2{#2}
\def\xxxguillemotleft{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont\guillemotleft}
\def\xxxguillemotright{\fontencoding{T1}\selectfont\guillemotright}

\newif\ifmultipleabstract\multipleabstractfalse%
\newenvironment{typesetAbstractGroup}{}{}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\usepackage[authoryear]{natbib}



\newif\ifnokeywords\nokeywordsfalse

\makeatletter\input{size10-pointfive.clo}\makeatother%
\definecolor{kwdboxcolor}{RGB}{242,242,242}
\usepackage[hidelinks,colorlinks=true,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
\linespread{1}                 
\def\floatpagefraction{0.8}

\usepackage[paperheight=11.69in,paperwidth=8.26in,top=1in,bottom=1in,left=1in,right=.75in,headsep=24pt]{geometry}

\usepackage{multirow-custom}

\makeatletter

\def\hlinewd#1{%
  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height #1%
  \futurelet\reserved@a\@xhline}
\def\tbltoprule{\hlinewd{1pt}\\[-14pt]}
\def\tblbottomrule{\noalign{\vspace*{6pt}}\hline\noalign{\vspace*{2pt}}}
\def\tblmidrule{\hline\noalign{\vspace*{2pt}}}



\let\@articleType\@empty
\let\@journalDoi\@empty
\let\@journalVolume\@empty
\let\@journalIssue\@empty
\let\@crossMarkLink\@empty
\let\@receivedDate\@empty
\let\@acceptedDate\@empty
\let\@revisedDate\@empty
\let\@publishedDate\@empty
\let\@copyrightYear\@empty
\let\@firstPage\@empty
\def\articleType#1{\gdef\@articleType{#1}}
\def\journalDoi#1{\gdef\@journalDoi{#1}}
\def\crossMarkLink#1{\gdef\@crossMarkLink{#1}}
\def\receivedDate#1{\gdef\@receivedDate{#1}}
\def\acceptedDate#1{\gdef\@acceptedDate{#1}}
\def\revisedDate#1{\gdef\@revisedDate{#1}}
\def\publishedDate#1{\gdef\@publishedDate{#1}}
\def\copyrightYear#1{\gdef\@copyrightYear{#1}}
\def\journalVolume#1{\gdef\@journalVolume{#1}}
\def\journalIssue#1{\gdef\@journalIssue{#1}}
\def\firstPage#1{\gdef\@firstPage{#1}}
\let\@issuelogo\@empty%
\let\@issuelogoex\@empty%
\def\issuelogo#1{\gdef\@issuelogo{#1}}
\def\issuelogoex#1{\gdef\@issuelogoex{#1}}


\def\author#1{%
  \gdef\@author{%
    \hskip-\dimexpr(\tabcolsep)\hskip5pt%
    \parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-1pt}%
    {\fontsize{11}{13}\selectfont\raggedright #1}%
  }%
}


\usepackage{pharmascope-abs}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage[noindentafter,explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage{fontspec}

\setmainfont[%
BoldFont=cambriab.ttf,%
ItalicFont=CAMBRIAI.TTF,%
BoldItalicFont=CAMBRIAZ.TTF]{Cambria.ttf}
\lefthyphenmin = 3

\def\title#1{%
  \gdef\@title{%
      \vspace*{-40pt}%
       \ifx\@articleType\@empty\else{\fontsize{10}{12}\scshape\selectfont\hspace{8pt}\@articleType\hfill\mbox{}\par\vspace{2pt}}\fi%
       \minipage{\linewidth}
         \hrulefill\\[-0.7pt]%%{\includegraphics[width=75pt,height=50pt]{ijrps_logo.png}}\hfill
         \mbox{~}\hspace{5pt}\parbox{.1\linewidth}{\IfFileExists{images/\@issuelogo.\@issuelogoex}{\includegraphics[width=79pt,height=61pt]{images/\@issuelogo.\@issuelogoex}}{\includegraphics[width=75pt,height=50pt]{ijrps_logo.png}}}\hfill
         \fcolorbox{kwdboxcolor}{kwdboxcolor}{\parbox{.792\linewidth}{%
          \begin{center}\fontsize{17}{17}\selectfont\scshape\vskip-7pt International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences\hfill\end{center}%
          \vspace*{-10pt}\hspace*{4pt}{\fontsize{8}{9}\selectfont Published by JK Welfare \& Pharmascope Foundation\hfill  Journal Home Page: \href{www.ijrps.com}{\color{blue}\underline{\smash{www.ijrps.com}}}}\hspace*{4pt}\mbox{}}}%
       \par\vspace*{-1pt}\rule{\linewidth}{1.3pt}%
       \endminipage%
    \par\vspace*{9.2pt}\parbox{.98\linewidth}{\linespread{.9}\raggedright\fontsize{14}{17}\selectfont #1}%
    \vspace*{-8pt}%
  }
}


\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{0.4pc plus 1pt minus 1pt}

\def\abbrvJournalTitle{Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci.}

\fancypagestyle{headings}{%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
  \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.3pt}
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[R]{%
    \fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\RunningAuthor,\ \abbrvJournalTitle,\ \ifx\@journalVolume\@empty X\else\@journalVolume\fi%
    \ifx\@journalIssue\@empty\else(\@journalIssue)\fi%
    ,\ \ifx\@firstPage\@empty 1\else\@firstPage\fi-\pageref*{LastPage}%
  }%
  \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\textcopyright\ International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}%
  \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\thepage}
}\pagestyle{headings}

                                                         
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
  \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
  \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.3pt}%
  \fancyhf{}%
  \fancyhead[R]{%
    \fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\RunningAuthor,\ \abbrvJournalTitle,\ \ifx\@journalVolume\@empty X\else\@journalVolume\fi%
    \ifx\@journalIssue\@empty\else(\@journalIssue)\fi%
    ,\ \ifx\@firstPage\@empty 1\else\@firstPage\fi-\pageref*{LastPage}%
  }%
  \fancyfoot[LO,RE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\textcopyright\ International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}%
  \fancyfoot[RO,LE]{\fontsize{9.12}{11}\selectfont\thepage}
  \ifx\@firstPage\@empty\else\setcounter{page}{\@firstPage}\fi
}


\def\NormalBaseline{\def\baselinestretch{1.1}}
\usepackage{textcase}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}

\titleformat{\section}[block]{\bfseries\boldmath\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{13}\selectfont}
{\thesection}
{6pt}
{\MakeTextUppercase{#1}}
[]
\titleformat{\subsection}[block]{\bfseries\boldmath\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubsection}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\subsubsection}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubsubsection}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\paragraph}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{10}\selectfont}
{\theparagraph}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]
\titleformat{\subparagraph}[block]{\NormalBaseline\filright\fontsize{10.5}{12}\selectfont}
{\thesubparagraph}
{6pt}
{#1}
[]

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\paragraph}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}  
\titlespacing{\subparagraph}{0pt}{.5\baselineskip}{.5\baselineskip}

\captionsetup[figure]{skip=1.4pt,font=bf,labelsep=colon,justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=false}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=1.4pt,font=bf,labelsep=colon,justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=false}

\def\bibyear#1{#1}
%\def\bibjtitle#1{#1}   %%Publisher request
\def\bibauand{}
\setlength\bibsep{3pt}
\setlength\bibhang{8pt}

\makeatother
\date{}


\usepackage{float}

\begin{document}


\def\RunningAuthor{Diksha Agrawal et al.}
\firstPage{1067}
\articleType{Case Report}
\receivedDate{04 Jul 2020}
\acceptedDate{04 Aug 2020}
\revisedDate{03 Aug 2020}
\journalVolume{2020, 11 (SPL4)}
\journalDoi{ijrps.v11iSPL4.4245}
\copyrightYear{2020}
\def\authorCount{4}
\def\affCount{2}

\def\journalTitle{International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences}

\title{\textbf{Alveoloplasty: A Case Report of Recontouring The Alveolar Process}}
\author{Diksha~Agrawal\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{1},  
            Priyanka~Jaiswal\textsuperscript{1},  
            Prasad~Dhadse\textsuperscript{1}, 
            Kashish~Mangal\textsuperscript{2}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Department of Periodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown \& Bridge, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India}}

\begin{abstract}
Alveoloplasty is one of the common pre-prosthetic surgical procedure carried out in dental surgical practice setups. A. T. Willard in 1853 advocated reduction of the alveolar ridge to bring about the complete proximity of soft tissues over the alveolus. Sir O. T. Dean first proposed ``Intra-septal alveoloplasty'' in the American Dental Association journal in 1936 so, named as Dean's alveoloplasty. The objective of Pre-prosthetic surgeries provide adequate bony tissue support for the placement of complete dentures. the characteristics of ideal denture base are adequate bony support with proper soft tissue coverage, no undercuts, no sharp ridges. Preprosthetic surgical treatment must begin with a thorough history and physical examination of the patient. The aim of the alveoloplasty procedure is used for recontouring of bony irregularities at the time of extractions or after initial healing. This case report illustrates case of a 71 year old healthy male. On examination who revealed irregular bony spicules on the edentulous ridge. After complete evaluation, alveoloplasty procedure was performed to smoothen the ridge. Proper diagnosis of the condition of edentulous ridges are important for successful fabrication of complete dentures. Every effort should be made to ensure that both the hard and soft tissues are developed in a form that will enhance the patient's ability to wear a denture.
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Alveoloplasty,\newline Recontouring,\newline Pre-prosthetic,\newline Bony spicules
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright\textsuperscript{*}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Diksha~Agrawal~\\ Phone:\ 7620420917~\\  Email:\ dikshaagrawal81@gmail.com
        \par}\vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\par{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont ISSN: 0975-7538}\par% 
        \textsc{DOI:}\ \href{https://doi.org/10.26452/\@journalDoi}{\textcolor{blue}{\underline{\smash{https://doi.org/10.26452/\@journalDoi}}}}\par%
        \vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\\{\fontsize{9.12}{10.12}\selectfont Production and Hosted by}\par{IJRPS |~\href{www.ijrps.com}{www.ijrps.com}}\par%
        \vspace*{-2pt}{\fontsize{9.12}{10.12}\selectfont\textcopyright\ \@copyrightYear\ $|$ All rights reserved.}\par%
        \vspace*{-11pt}\rule{\linewidth}{1.2pt}
        \makeatother
        
    
\section{Introduction}
A well-contoured smooth alveolar ridge is crucial for appropriate fabrication of complete or partial denture. Alveoloplasty is the most common pre-prosthetic surgeries carried out in dentistry. The objective of preprosthetic surgery is to enhance the quality of the hard and soft oral tissues which can promote retention, support and strength to the dental prosthesis.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011381}

Sir O. T. Dean first described ``Intra-septal alveoloplasty'' in the American Dental Association journal in 1936. Hence, this procedure also came to be known as Dean's alveoloplasty.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011379} Bony prominences, undercuts, and spiny ridges are usually removed to avoid undercuts and to make possible a complete border seal out there. 

Alveoloplasty is a simple technique and easy to perform similarly like compressing of alveolar socket walls after extraction of tooth.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011399} Intraseptal alveoloplasty is the technique in which removal of septal/ interdental bone leads to proper closure of labial \& lingual cortical plates by removing the undercut.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011401} This may be helpful to preserve the ridge height \& thickness of alveolar ridge during the procedure of extraction.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011401} Intraseptal alveoloplasty is done through proper compression of sockets which preserves height of alveolar ridge as compared to labial bone reduction in secondary alveoloplasty.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011374} Radical alveoloplasty procedure is carried out in presence of severe undercuts and in cases of pre radiation extraction.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011372} Complete removal of buccal or labial cortical plate is carried out followed by extraction to diminish the probability of osteoradionecrosis after exposure of radiation.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011372} Secondary alveoloplasty is considered as the second surgical procedure after the post extraction healing to remove the bony spicules.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011377}

This case report discusses how reduction of severe bony prominences and smoothening of irregular ridges resulted in achieving a better denture foundation which if left untreated otherwise would have resulted in sore spots and immense discomfort to the patient.


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/53c6c62a-5b1e-4ac1-b9c4-d04e4f941095-upicture1.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/53c6c62a-5b1e-4ac1-b9c4-d04e4f941095-upicture1.png}{\includegraphics{images/53c6c62a-5b1e-4ac1-b9c4-d04e4f941095-upicture1.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Pre-operative view}}
\label{f-e7688f16b1c5}
\end{figure}
\egroup
\textbf{CASE PRESENTATION }

A 71 year old systemically healthy male patient reported 4 weeks after total extraction of remaining natural teeth for construction of a set of dentures to the Department of Prosthodontics. Intraoral examination revealed irregular, bulbous bony ridges in upper left posterior region of edentulous ridge. On palpation, the ridges were tender at some spots in the upper left posterior region of jaw. Surgical correction of the irregular ridges and bony prominences was discussed as the treatment option to achieve optimum denture foundation with the patient. So, patient referred to the Department of Periodontics to perform the alveoloplasty procedure.

\textbf{Case description, site of bony prominences or undercuts,}

All the procedures were informed to the patient and written consent form was obtained. Prior to the surgery, patients were advised to swish with 0.12\% chlorhexidine mouthwash for one minute. After performing standard painting and draping of the site, local anesthetic (2\% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 Adrenaline) was injected in the mucobuccal fold over the prominent bony spicule region (Figure~\ref{f-e7688f16b1c5}).


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/95351d82-1569-4deb-80cc-3b925b6f1e94-upicture2.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/95351d82-1569-4deb-80cc-3b925b6f1e94-upicture2.png}{\includegraphics{images/95351d82-1569-4deb-80cc-3b925b6f1e94-upicture2.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Bone Contouring}}
\label{f-cd79b0782605}
\end{figure}
\egroup
After evaluation of subjective and objective symptoms, crestal and releasing incisions were given and the full thickness flap was reflected. Bony contouring was accomplished with carbide round burs of 2mm with copious irrigation (Figure~\ref{f-cd79b0782605}). Digital palpation was used to determine the uniformity of the ridge smoothening. Smoothening was carried out using rongeurs and bone file to achieve proper contour of the ridge.


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/7184a868-8e74-49ea-acc9-2417bf4ec5eb-upicture3.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/7184a868-8e74-49ea-acc9-2417bf4ec5eb-upicture3.png}{\includegraphics{images/7184a868-8e74-49ea-acc9-2417bf4ec5eb-upicture3.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Suture placement}}
\label{f-7ce11954baac}
\end{figure}
\egroup
After achieving hemostasis, the flap margins were approximated and secured with non-resorbable suture (3-0 silk suture, STERILON*) (Figure~\ref{f-7ce11954baac}). Patients were advised to take an analgesic and antibiotic for 5 days. Patient was instructed to maintain proper oral hygiene. Postoperative pain at the operated site was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Sutures were removed after 8 days postoperatively and the healing was assessed. Postoperative healing was satisfactory as recorded at 3 week and 1 months (Figure~\ref{f-a5aaf806dbc1}). After complete soft tissue and hard tissue healing, maxillary and mandibular conventional complete denture prosthesis was then fabricated (Figure~\ref{f-51647c31177c}).


\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/670f4b23-98e1-4ad7-8158-11d2b2b686ac-upicture4.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/670f4b23-98e1-4ad7-8158-11d2b2b686ac-upicture4.png}{\includegraphics{images/670f4b23-98e1-4ad7-8158-11d2b2b686ac-upicture4.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Post-operative view}}
\label{f-a5aaf806dbc1}
\end{figure}
\egroup

\bgroup
\fixFloatSize{images/a34b2766-d65f-4d80-9788-c34d454b3423-upicture5.png}
\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering \makeatletter\IfFileExists{images/a34b2766-d65f-4d80-9788-c34d454b3423-upicture5.png}{\includegraphics{images/a34b2766-d65f-4d80-9788-c34d454b3423-upicture5.png}}{}
\makeatother 
\caption{\boldmath {Complete denture prosthesis}}
\label{f-51647c31177c}
\end{figure}
\egroup

    
\section{Discussion}
In recent times the term ``Alveoloplasty'' has been adopted to signify recontouring of the alveolar process rather than its removal. It has been found that there is requirement of alveoloplasty in almost every patient who has undergone multiple extractions and may also be needed in those with single extraction.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011382} The goal for contouring the alveolar ridge is to gain favorable tissue support for the designed prosthesis while conserving as much soft tissue and hard tissue as possible.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011647}

Dental practitioner or clinicians should be able to evaluate and recognize the requirement of any changes of the denture loading areas. Also, need to explain the patient about the importance of accomplishing this vital procedure.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011370} Complications of secondary alveoloplasty can be reduced by proper compression of socket \& reducing the bony spicules during extraction. 

\unskip~\citep{852267:20011373} performed quadrant wise surgical correction of the irregular ridges and bony prominences in a 81 year old patient. The authors concluded that alveoloplasty is an effective aid for the fabrication of well-fitting and comfortable prosthesis. A similar technique was used in this study to get access to the bony spicule and to perform alveoloplasty. 

According to \unskip~\citep{852267:20011382} alveoloplasty using piezosurgery results in lesser discomfort and maintains the proper alveolar ridge integrity without disturbing the soft tissue and hard tissue structure. It allows faster healing as compared to conventional technique.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011375}

Alveoloplasty as a pre-prosthetic surgery thus served as an adjunct for the development of a denture foundation that enables fabrication of well-fitting and comfortable prosthesis.\unskip~\citep{852267:20011376}
    
\section{Conclusions}
Proper diagnosis of the condition of edentulous ridges, discussing problems associated about the same with patient and proper treatment planning are the key determinants for successful fabrication of complete dentures. It can be concluded that alveoloplasty through conventional method has proved to be a better alternative by minimizing the operative time, reducing patient's discomfort, and accelerating the healing process.
\section*{Acknowledgement}Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

\textbf{Funding Support}

The authors do not have any financial interest in the companies whose materials are included in this article.

\textbf{Conflict of Interest}

The authors have no conflict of interest for this study.
    

\bibliographystyle{pharmascope_apa-custom}

\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}
