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\begin{document}


\def\RunningAuthor{KunalChandankhede and Amit Biswas}
\firstPage{758}
\articleType{Review Article}
\receivedDate{20 Jun 2020}
\acceptedDate{22 Jul 2020}
\revisedDate{21 Jul 2020}
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\journalDoi{ijrps.v11iSPL1.3079}
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\title{Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda \textit{Varsha} and \textit{Sharad Ritucharya}}
\author{Amit~Biswas\textsuperscript{1}, 
            KunalChandankhede\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{2}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda college, hospital and research centres, Datta Meghe institute of medical science (DU), Salod (H), 442001 Wardha, Maharashtra, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}Departmentof kriyasharir, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda College, Hospital and Research centres. DattaMeghe institute of medical science (DU), Salod (H), 442001 Wardha, Maharashtra, India}}

\begin{abstract}
Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. \textit{Ayurveda} has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of \textit{Ayurveda} is to keep individual \textit{swastha } (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free \textit{Ritucharya} is one of the important subjects of \textit{Ayurveda}. Aimed of study is to find out \textit{Ritucharya} literature from the \textit{Ayurveda }and modern research specifically \textit{Varsha} and \textit{Sharad ritu}. \textit{Ritucharya} contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is \textit{Varsha } and \textit{Sharad ritu. } Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of \textit{ritu}, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming \textit{varsha} and \textit{sharad ritu.}
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Ayurveda,\newline Covid-19,\newline Dietary regimen,\newline Immunity,\newline Living regimen,\newline Ritucharya,\newline Seasonal regimen
\end{keywords}
\twocolumn[ \maketitle {\printKwdAbsBox}]
\makeatletter{\raggedright\textsuperscript{*}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ KunalChandankhede~\\ Phone:\ +91-8975230889~\\  Email:\ kunal.chandankhede@dmimsu.edu.in
        \par}\vspace*{-11pt}\hrulefill\par{\fontsize{12}{14}\selectfont ISSN: 0975-7538}\par% 
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\section{Introduction}
Covid-19 is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is pandemic disease contaminated all over the globe. Immunity plays an important role in Covid-19 disease. Individuals having good immunity are recovering fast \unskip~\citep{845413:19938646}. Those having the co-morbid condition or having others diseases like metabolic, cancerous, autoimmune and inflammatory having high mortality rate \unskip~\citep{845413:19938643}\textit{. Ayurveda} plays an important role in the immunity of individuals. The main principle of \textit{Ayurveda }is to keep people disease-free or maintain the health of individuals. How \textit{Ayurveda} gives health to individuals? \textit{Ayurveda} not only give dietary regimen but also how to live (living regimen). These all are given under the heading of the \textit{dincharya} and \textit{ritucharya. Dincharya} means day today activity. \textit{Ritucharya} means seasonal dietary variation and living principle. The year is divided into twelve months. By combine two months, one \textit{ritu} is formed the names of \textit{ritu} are \textit{vasant, grishama, varsha, sharad, shishir, hemanat}. In India the six \textit{ritu} are formed on the basis of seasonal variation. In human body changes happen due to changes in external environment, hence we have to changes diet and living regimen according to it. The upcoming \textit{ritu} are \textit{varsha} and \textit{sharad ritu} that is next four months. This study reveals the \textit{ritu charya } of upcoming \textit{varsha} and \textit{shrad ritu } dietary and living regimen \unskip~\citep{845413:19938638}.


\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Property of varsha and sharad ritu} }
\label{tw-87c392dde21f}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.08610000000000003\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10909999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1752\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.18540000000000003\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.1716\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.27259999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\textbf{Ritu} & \textbf{Property} & \textbf{Digestive fire \mbox{}\protect\newline (appetite)} & \textbf{Dosha \mbox{}\protect\newline condition} & \textbf{Body physical strength} & \textbf{Environment properties}\\
\tblmidrule 
\multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.19520000000000003\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{Varsha} &
  minimum &
  Vata-prakopa \mbox{}\protect\newline Pitta-sanchaya  &
  minimum &
  Wind- Dry, Cold Sun rays-cloudy Soil-wet, mud, amla rasa (sour)\\
\multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.19520000000000003\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{Sharad} &
  moderate &
  Pitta-prakopa \mbox{}\protect\newline Vata-shamana  &
  moderate &
  Wind- unction Sun rays-hot and penetrating \mbox{}\protect\newline Soil-lavana rasa (salty)\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!htbp]
\caption{\boldmath {Food regimen, lifestyle modification, medicine and Contraindication of Varsha and Sharad ritu} }
\label{tw-4fa46a3adbf7}
\def\arraystretch{1.1}
\ignorespaces 
\centering 
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{p{\dimexpr.06319999999999999\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.10649999999999997\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.24529999999999998\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.19820000000000004\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.20079999999999995\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}p{\dimexpr.186\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
\tbltoprule \rowcolor{kwdboxcolor}\textbf{Ritu} & \textbf{Regimen} & \textbf{Food regimen} & \textbf{Lifestyle \mbox{}\protect\newline modification} & \textbf{Medicine} & \textbf{Contraindication}\\
\tblmidrule 
\multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.16969999999999995\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{Varsha} &
  1.Old (One years) wheat, rice, barley,  \mbox{}\protect\newline 2. soup of pulses,  \mbox{}\protect\newline 3. food processed with cumin, gingers, black pepper, corianders seed, oil, ghee, cinnamon.  \mbox{}\protect\newline 4. Mostly containing lavana and amlarasa in food. \mbox{}\protect\newline 5. Take pure rain water or boiled lake water, river water. &
  1. Stay in warm and windless home free from all insects or harmful animals. \mbox{}\protect\newline 2.Abhanga (oil massage) Take a bath with udavartana (medicated powder) &
  1. Basti one of the panchakarma procedure, \mbox{}\protect\newline 2. Asava, arista, mardivika, wine mixed with water having good appetiser. &
  Water mixing with different grains flour, sleeping during day time, liquids food, sexual intercourse, dew, excessive walking, exercise and exposure to sun rays are avoided.  \mbox{}\protect\newline The above things should be avoided or not to do in excess.\\
\multicolumn{2}{p{\dimexpr(.16969999999999995\linewidth-2\tabcolsep)}}{Sharad} &
  1.rice, swastika rice (matures within sixty days), wheat, barley, green gram, sugar, honey,  \mbox{}\protect\newline 2. grapes, patola, amalaki, amruta \mbox{}\protect\newline 3. meat of chiken, goat ,ship animal having janghal origin (dessert animal) &
  1.Wear clean cloths \mbox{}\protect\newline 2. wear garland of flowers,  \mbox{}\protect\newline 3. In night sleep on terrace below moon light or in colder environment &
  1.virechana and Raktamokshana it is foremost most treatment of pitta dosha. \mbox{}\protect\newline 2. Drink medicated ghee containing tikta and madhurarasa. \mbox{}\protect\newline 3. Use udavartana of shit rasatmaka dravya like lotus, ushira, musta, durva, manjista. &
  Curds, sun rays, Vasa  (fats of animal origin), strong alcoholic drinks, sleep during day times.\\
\tblbottomrule 
\end{tabulary}\par 
\end{table*}

    
\section{Materials and Methods}
Data collections are two types, first \textit{Ayurveda }literature from reference book that is \textit{Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita, Vaghbhat samhita} and research. Second Covid-19 information is collected from goggle scholars, internet, site of world health organization and opinion of experts utilizes it as a review.

\textbf{Observation and results}

\textit{Ayurveda} explained day today regime under the heading \textit{Dincharya}. In which covers all activity of twenty-four hours that can keep physical as well as mental health. \textit{Dinacharya} first activity is day wake up on \textit{bramha muhurtya} (before sunrise about 90 min). Then stepwise order of \textit{dinacharya} are \textit{malotsarga} (voiding the excrements), \textit{Dantadhawana} (cleaning the teeth), gods and elder are worshiped,\textit{anjana} (collyrium), \textit{Nasya} (nasal medication), \textit{gandhush} (mouth wash), \textit{tambulla } (pan chewing), \textit{abhyanga} (oil bath), \textit{vyayama} (exercises), \textit{udavartana} (massage by medicated \textit{churna}) \textit{snana} (bath), \textit{bhojana }(taking food), \textit{sadavrutta} (followed the profession and self regimen of ethics). Person following this \textit{regimen}, day by day his or her mental, physical, and spiritual health are of good quality \unskip~\citep{845413:19938641}.

Along with \textit{Ayurveda} explaining the \textit{ritucharya} that is seasonal regimen. In India now environment changes from summer to rainy season time interval between any two \textit{ritu} (season) called \textit{ritusandhi. } In \textit{ritu sandhi }seasonal variations are huge. \textit{Varsha ritu }is containing approximately July, August and mid of September months. In that season environment undergoes changes are showery, the temperature is reduced, water is accumulated on the surface of the earth, new growths of plants and small animals, insect originated. Birth and growth of new microorganisms take placed. Seasonal variations are also affected by the human body. Hence \textit{Ayurveda} are given dietary as well as habitual regimen different from than the previous season\unskip~\citep{845413:19938639}.

\textit{\textbf{Varsha ritu}}

\textit{Varsha ritu }is containing July, August, and mid-September (\textit{Shrawan and Bhadrapada}) of the yearly calendar. Sun position is in changing from northern to the southern solstice. It is the first season of \textit{visarga kala}. It is coming after \textit{grishama ritu}. In \textit{Grishama ritu} hot rays of the sun makes the air becomes hot and dry it helps for \textit{sanchaya} (accumulation of \textit{dosha} in own site) of \textit{Vatadosha}. In \textit{Varsha ritu }only different is that rain makes the environment cold. This changes will make air becomes dry and cold, it ultimately reflects on human body \textit{prakopa }of \textit{vata dosha (Prakopa }means \textit{dosha} increasing in amount both qualities as well as quantitative so much so that they move from their own site\textit{)}. In \textit{varsha ritu} strength of men is being reduced, digestive capacity also becomes less. Due to all changes individuals should follow dietary as well as habitual regimens \unskip~\citep{845413:19938639}.

\textit{}A Food regimen containing old (One year) wheat, rice, barley, soup of pulses processed with cumin, gingers, black pepper, and coriander seed. The days are rainy and windy the food mentioned by \textit{Ayurveda} having quality, which reduced \textit{vata dosha}, moisture in body, and side by side increase a digestive fire of a body. The property of food is dry, light, easy to digest, processed with oil or ghee, warm food, \textit{amla} and \textit{lavana} rasa dominant [\textit{Amla} rasa food includes citrus food, tamarind, \textit{kokum} (\textit{garciniaindica}), butter milk and proceed with five types of \textit{lavana} (salts)]. Food or drink along with honey, process with cumin, gingers, black pepper, and coriander seed \unskip~\citep{845413:19938638}.

\textit{Vihar} (lifestyle modification) - living place should be free from snakes, scorpion, mosquitoes, rat's insect and animal those are harming. Free from fumes which are coming from the earth in initial day of the season, coldness of rainy environment, cold air. The living placed contains fire which makes a placed warmed. Bath with \textit{udavartana} (dried medicated churna), take inhalation of smoke, smells of the medicinal plant contain example \textit{agaru}, \textit{triphala}, \textit{vacha, } cow dunk, turmeric. Wear beautiful garland and dress, visit the natural beauty destination \unskip~\citep{845413:19938645}.

Medicine-take \textit{Asava, arista, mardhivka, } and wine made by fresh fruits take according to constituents and digestive power. Intake should be made with mixing water. Important treatment of \textit{vata dosha} is the \textit{basti} (medicated oil or \textit{kashaya} enema) which evacuated \textit{vata dosha}\unskip~\citep{845413:19938647}.

Contraindicated-The things should not do to go near the river, water mixing with different grains flour and drinking, sleeping during the day time, liquids food, sexual intercourse, dew, excessive walking, exercise and exposure to sun rays is avoided. The above things should be avoided or not to do in excess \unskip~\citep{845413:19938642}.

\textit{\textbf{Sharad ritu}}

The next \textit{ritu} is \textit{sharad ritu} containing mid September to November (\textit{ashwin mass, jestha, kartik mass}) months of yearly calendar. The sky is clear of clouds and the earth contains little mud, wet soil. Also full of \textit{kasa}, \textit{grass}, \textit{saptaha}, water lily, different kinds of lotus, and paddy samplings are everywhere. Sun rays in the afternoon are warm and cooled by moonlight at night due to all of this which is pleasant and removed all poisonous effects of water. With absence of clouds the sun rays are spreading wide and red hot and penetrating. Due to all of environment changes ultimately affects human body. In human being \textit{Pitta dosha }is in dominating condition also called as \textit{pitta prakop}. On the basis of that \textit{Ayurveda }told different food and lifestyle regimen than the previous season \unskip~\citep{845413:19938640}.

Food regimen- The property of foods is \textit{shita viryatmaka}, \textit{laghu} (easily digested), \textit{matravat} (taking food neither full of the quantity nor less quantity with astringent), sweet and bitter taste. Rice, swastika rice (matures within sixty days), wheat, barley, green gram, sugar, honey, \textit{patola}, \textit{amalaki}, grapes, the meat of animal in the region having less water like dessert (\textit{Janghal} region) are easy to digest for those having a good appetite \unskip~\citep{845413:19938638}.

Vihar (lifestyle modification)- Day time should wear a clean and light dress and visit in sailing in lakes which are full of swans, rows of hummingbirds, and blossomed lotus flowers. Make garlands of flowers worn around the neck, making a paste of coolant substances like \textit{ushira}, lotus, and apply all over the body. The night should be placed on the terrace under the moon coolant rays \unskip~\citep{845413:19938645}.

Medicine- Drink medicated ghee, taking \textit{virechana} (purgative) and bloodletting repeatedly \unskip~\citep{845413:19938647}.

Contraindication- curds, sun rays, \textit{kshara}, \textit{vasa} (a fat of animal origin), oils, the air coming in an eastern direction, strong alcoholic drinks, sleep during the day, exposure to mist should be avoided\unskip~\citep{845413:19938642}.
    
\section{Results and Discussion}
Covid-19 upcoming season is important in India, upcoming four months are \textit{varsha} and \textit{saharad ritu} July, August, September, October and mid of November \unskip~\citep{845413:19938644}. Due to climate change monsoon came little earlier to mid of June. In every \textit{ritu} environmental changes are taking place. Every external change affects the human body. Hence, \textit{Ayurveda} explained the \textit{ritucharya} the dietary and lifestyle modification. These modifications are necessary for balancing \textit{agni, dosha, dhatu, mala.} These are entities that decided a healthy state of individuals, so \textit{ritucharya} modifications are important for maintains health. If an individual is disease-free it means they having good immunity.

Immunity plays an important role in covid-19 viral disease. For immunity dietary and lifestyle modification are important that depends on \textit{ritucharya. } In \textit{Ayurveda} along with ritucharya dietary principle mentioned these are common in all seasons they are aharvidhi visheshayatan and aharparimankarbhava \unskip~\citep{845413:19938637}. There are different Properties related to \textit{Varsha} and \textit{Sharad ritu}\unskip~\citep{845413:19938642},[Table~\ref{tw-87c392dde21f}] and as per their properties there are a variations regarding Food regimen \unskip~\citep{845413:19938638}, lifestyle \unskip~\citep{845413:19938645}, medicine \unskip~\citep{845413:19938647} also have specific Contraindications \unskip~\citep{845413:19938642},[Table~\ref{tw-4fa46a3adbf7}].\textit{}
    
\section{Conclusion}
The health of the physical body as well as a mental state depends on the equilibrium of \textit{dosha}, \textit{dhatu}, \textit{mala}, and \textit{agni. } Those individuals having equilibrium in \textit{dosha, dhatu}, \textit{mala} and \textit{agni} are free from disease. That means they have good immunity. For maintaining the immunity individual should follow \textit{Ritucharya} along with \textit{dinacharya}. When the season is changing from one to another environment changes take place. Their effects ultimately affect body internal environment. To maintain an internal environment called homeostasis individuals should be followed modified dietary regimen and living modification knows as \textit{Ritucharya}.
\section*{Acknowledgement}Authors are thankful for Dr.Vaishali Kuchewar madam, Dean, MGACH and RC, DMIMS (DU) Sawangi, Wardha for providing opportunity, also thankful Dr.Amol Deshpande for helping us in making manuscript.

\textbf{Conflict of interest}

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for this study.

\textbf{Funding Support}

The authors declare that they have no funding support for this study.
    

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