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\begin{document}


\def\RunningAuthor{Shamli Hiware and Anagha Gulhane}
\firstPage{753}
\articleType{Original Article}
\receivedDate{03 Jul 2020}
\acceptedDate{11 Aug 2020}
\revisedDate{04 Aug 2020}
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\title{Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19}
\author{Anagha~Gulhane\textsuperscript{1}, 
            Shamli~Hiware\textsuperscript{*}\textsuperscript{2}~\\[5pt]{\textsuperscript{1}Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital \& Research Centre, Salod (H), Wardha, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India}~\\{\textsuperscript{2}Department of Panchakarma, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College Hospital \& Research Centre, Salod (H), Wardha, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India}}

\begin{abstract}
It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older.  If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micro nutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium. The deficiencies of micro nutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body. 
\end{abstract}\def\keywordstitle{Keywords}

\begin{keywords}Ayurveda,\newline Covid-19,\newline Diet,\newline Modern
\end{keywords}
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\makeatletter{\raggedright\textsuperscript{*}Corresponding Author\par Name:\ Shamli~Hiware~\\ Phone:\  7709793303~\\  Email:\ shamlihiware57@gmail.com
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\section{Introduction}
The immune system, which is integrated into all biological systems, protect the body against infections and other external and internal insults by utilising distinct layers, depends on nature's warning: physical (e.g., skin, the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts) and biochemical barriers for example secretions, mucus and gastric acid) numerous different immune cells for example granulocytes, CD4 or CD8T and B lymphocytes cell) and antibodies. As humans mature, the immune system evolves from the immature and developing immune responses in infants and children, through to immune function that is powerfully strong and healthy in teenagers and adults. Still, its function will get reduce in old persons, and susceptibility of infectious diseases increases as age-related changes in humans gets aggravated by particular environmental lifestyle elements. Diet element and also oxidative changes in the body can degrade the immune function of the body. Diet habit is the most important factor of humans which directly influences the individual's health or the body immunity. The full range of health outcome either it is bad or good, attribute to all changes in the subject of uneven diet habit defies computation because of difficulty in the natural path \unskip~\citep{865263:20137461}.
    
\section{Materials and Methods}
Many Ayurvedic texts review this article. Information is mainly related to the dietary idea during a pandemic. The Ayurvedic  texts used in this study are Charaksamhita, Sushrutasamhita \& some information collected from various websites on the relevant topics.

\textbf{Different types of diet}

Lower carbohydrate diet- The specific aim of this diet is to restrain from all carbohydrate source in the menu. It should be only taken in a lower limit that is, which is essential for the body. It is recommended in a range of 40\% of daily calories{\textemdash}for example, Fish, eggs, leafy green vegetable oils such as coconut oil, strawberries etc.

The lower fat diet-The specific aim of the diet is to restrain from the fatty food or the fat-containing components in it. It is usually recommended in the range of 20\% of daily calories{\textemdash}for example, Vegetables, lentils fruits, whole grains.

The lower glycemic diet-The main aim of this specific diet to control the sugar level in the blood; therefore, further avoids the risk of diabetes and chronic and infectious diseases caused due to weakened body immunity. The elements included in this type of diet is having a low sugar level, and this often excludes certain vegetables and a particular amount of fruits because they help to maintain sugar level in the body. No specific value for this type of diet is mentioned.for ex: green vegetables, beans, cereals, oats.

Mixed diet-This type of diet includes both plants and animal products. Vegetarian food -This type of food includes only plants based products which do not include any animal-based and dairy products \unskip~\citep{865263:20137465}.

The individuals who have diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthmatic patients, along with many chronic and metabolic disorders, have a higher risk of getting infected along with having life-threatening complications. The proof is clear low fat, and low carbohydrate diet helps in preventing this metabolic disorder which further causes complications of COVID-19.

Regular consumption of a balanced diet provides vital minerals, vitamins along with various nutrients to keep the physical and mental health stable. 

Proper intake of a balanced diet can prevent various types of infections and provide strength and immunity power to the body \unskip~\citep{865263:20137477}.

\textbf{Ayurveda's Immunity Boosting Actions During COVID-19 Pandemic}


  
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \relax Regular practice of Pranayama, Yogasana, Self Meditation for about 30 minutes.
  \item \relax Drinking a proper amount of water to remove the accumulated toxins from the body.
  \item \relax Regular uses of spices and condiments like coriander, cumin, garlic in cooking.
  \end{enumerate}
  \textbf{Simple Ayurvedic Measures for Immunity Boosting}
  
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item \relax Regular Consumption of Chyavanprash  10-15 gm along with milk in the morning.
  \item \relax Regular Consumption of Golden Milk that is turmeric is added in milk which helps to boost the immunity.
  \item \relax Regular follow up of Dinacharya, which is mentioned by Ayurveda.
  \item \relax The decoction should be consumed made up of black pepper, cinnamon, basil, raisin and dry ginger\unskip~\citep{865263:20137472}.
  \end{enumerate}
  
    
\section{Results}
Diet plays an important role in the management of diseases, and it also helps to boost the immunity of the body and provide the strength to the body to avoid the risk of many infectious diseases.

A properly balanced diet helps us to build up the body as it increases the strength and immunity of the body. Consumption of low-fat diet prevents the risk of much metabolic disorder, thereby avoiding the risk of further complication. Limiting dietary fat helps us to strengthen immune defences. All vegetables, along with fruits, provide vitamin-A, vitamin-C, and vitamin- E, iron, along with beta carotene that helps to increase the strength and immunity of the body as they are rich in nutrients, minerals and antioxidants, so they prevent the oxidative stress which helps to avoid the risk various infectious disorder which is essential for the maintenance of the healthy body. Therefore consumption of healthy and balanced is very much necessary for the good disease-free body in decent quality and quantity along with the use of less amount of sugar, salts and saturated fatty acids is the key to maintain the health of healthy individuals as it increases the strength and the immunity of the body. Proper diet also influences the health of an individual and his capability to fight against any disease.
    
\section{Discussion}
The coronavirus is spreading due to ignorance to own's body, by not following the measures that are implemented by the government and avoiding the immunity-boosting actions as our immune system has never seen such type of virus, so it is essential; to take measures to increase the immunity which helps against fighting the disease and producing its antibodies in our body by proper consumption of diet.

Our actions reflect the immunity of our to fight against the disease, so it is essential to take a further step to prevent further spread of infections by following given measures-

Social Distancing should be maintained among the individuals along with the repeated washing of the hands, and it is essential to cover the mouth and nose while coughing and sneezing to avoid its spread to healthy individuals.

Regular Intake of Chyawanprash-Chyawanprash is a  supplementary Ayurvedic tonic which includes many types of minerals, various herbs also it contains ample of nutrients in it. It increases the strength, stamina and vitality. It is rejuvenating in nature as it is the formulation made up of about 50 herbal drugs, so it has high potency, So due to its medicinal components, it helps to induce immunity along with its anti-ageing properties\unskip~\citep{865263:20137478}.

Regular Intake of Warm Water- The Warm Water produces the hot vapours this hot vapours should be inhaled in case of common cold, blocked nose and sinusitis while holding hot water cup which helps to relax the blocked sinuses and soothes the cough and even minimises the headache. As our neck, upper torso area contains lots of mucous membranes, so warm water drinking can ease the aggravated symptoms in the body, which is usually caused by aggravated mucous in the body\unskip~\citep{865263:20137464}.

Importance of Pranayama in respiratory disorder- Pranayama  is a type of breathing procedure which helps to maintain the respiratory health of an individual. It also helps to improve the pulmonary function, as pulmonary function test is essential for assessing the respiratory function, it is the screening test of the sympathetic reactivity, which was attained by the Pranayama training \unskip~\citep{865263:20137469}.

\textbf{Importance of turmeric, coriander and garlic for promoting the health}

Properties of Turmeric-It is potent immunomodulatory as it contains natural killer cells which help to ward off the disease. It is also used as an antibacterial agent\unskip~\citep{865263:20137462}.

Properties of Coriander- It has several antioxidants which provide strength to the cells by avoiding their wear and tear. It is also anti-inflammatory. It contains elements such as quercetin, tocopherols, terpinene, which increases the immune power according to various studies \unskip~\citep{865263:20137476}.

Properties of Garlic-Garlic has some immune-boosting features as it contains the element called alliin. It increases the strength of white blood cell in the body, which helps to fight against various viral diseases such as flu-like symptoms or it is associated with the common cold \unskip~\citep{865263:20137470}.

Importance of Intake of Golden milk-Curcumin, the active component in turmeric, has been used in Ayurvedic centuries due to its potent antioxidant properties\unskip~\citep{865263:20137474}.

Properties of Basil- It contains vitamin A and C, calcium, zinc, iron and according to the Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, it has antidepressants and antioxidant properties. It also decreases cholesterol as proven in animal studies\unskip~\citep{865263:20137475}.

Properties of Cinnamon- It contains the potent antioxidants which help to boost immunity such as the compound polyphenols. It gives the strength to the cell and repairs the damaged ones. It has the power to fight against the various diseases as it contains the active element known as 'Cinnamaledehyde'\unskip~\citep{865263:20137473}.

Regular intake of vitamin -C supplements- Vitamin-C is present in citrus fruits; it helps to increases the immunity and decreases the risk of the infections. Along with vitamin-C it also contains copper, magnesium, phosphorous and potassium. It also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in it. They also contain carotenoids, essential oils and about 60 types of flavonoids which are mainly responsible for its action on the body to maintain the health\unskip~\citep{865263:20137468}.

Properties of Low carbohydrate diet- It increases the level of good cholesterol, thus lower the risk of heart diseases. Therefore decreases the risk of chronic disease that can complicate viral and bacterial infections. It also helps to reduce blood sugar and insulin level drastically \unskip~\citep{865263:20137467}.

Properties of Raisins-It has antibacterial properties along with it also contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as it has an element named polyphenolic phytonutrients act as anti-inflammatory agent thus conclude that consuming raisins every day can decrease the risk of the common cold and many other infections by boosting immunity\unskip~\citep{865263:20137463}.

Properties of Black pepper-It contains the volatile oil which is strong in potency having anti-microbial and antiviral properties which damage the membrane of various disease-causing organisms and thereby preventing the further risk \unskip~\citep{865263:20137471}.

Properties of Dry Ginger- Dry Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties. It also contains a bioactive substance named 'Gingerol'; it has some immune-boosting features which prevents the further risk of infections. It is a compound which is mainly used in the herbal tea to cure cough and cold symptoms\unskip~\citep{865263:20137466}.
    
\section{Conclusion}
From above, it is concluded that the diet is the vital source for boosting immunity. It helps to maintain the health of an individual. So regular intake of a properly balanced diet is essential for better survival during the pandemic period to protect that individual's body from disease or further infections. 

When dealing with a devious disease like Covid-19, its best to take a firm stand that prevention is better than cure.

  So it is clear prevention of any disease is done by taking a healthy balanced diet that is rich in all nutritive elements. 

From the above, it is said that regular intake of citrus fruits are beneficial for boosting immunity as it contains elements like vit-c, potassium, folate, calcium, niacin and phosphorus along with regular exercise that maintains the health of a healthy individual.

Regular intake of Chyawanprash reduces the risk of any infection as it contains many medicinal herbal drugs. 

Daily intake of warm water should be done as it reduces the risk of respiratory infections.

Daily intake of medicinal decoction increases immunity gives the strength to the body they also contain antibacterial properties.

So the diet is an essential need and source of the body as it only helps for increasing immunity and to avoid the risk of Covid-19 as there is no specific treatment developed yet
\section*{Acknowledgement}Authors are thankful to Dr. Vaishali Kuchewar Dean MGACH \&RC for providing such opportunity, also grateful to Dr. Priti Desai Dean Academics, Dr. Shweta Parwe, and Dr. Punam Sawarkar, Dr. Shamli Hiware and all other peoples who knowingly and unknowingly helped me in making manuscript.

\textbf{Conflict of interest}

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for this study.

\textbf{Funding support}

Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
    

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