Introduction

Agada Tantra is one of the branches of Ashtang Ayurveda. Viruddha Ahara is a very important topic in this modern era. It is said to be the cause of many systemic disorders, as per Ayurveda literature. Persons who consume Viruddha Ahara are the causative agents of many disorders.

It is very important to know the relationship of Viruddha Ahara with many metabolic disorders because it is the cause of many metabolic disorders (Mukund, 2012). Viruddha Ahara is defined by different Acharya-

Astanga Samgraha of Vagbhata described the Viruddha Ahara, those substances, which cause the increase of doshas in the body but do not expel them out of the body are known as Viruddha, and they remain antagonistic to the dhatus (Murthy & Srikantha, 2018). Even naturally, incompatibility happens by the combination of substances in respect of their strength of qualities, of unequal or equal proportions or both, or by different processes of cooking.

Acharya Sushruta explains the Viruddha Ahara, those substances which when consumed, make for an increase of the doshas but do not expel them out of the body and which bring about abnormalities in the rasa etc. give rise to diseases and various types of Viruddha Ahara are explained, i.e. Sanyoga Viruddha, Karma Viruddha, Mana Viruddha, Rasa – Virya – Vipaka Viruddha (Srikantha, Murthy, & Samhita, 2017).

Acharya Charaka explains Viruddha Ahara, the substances which are contrary to dehadhatus behave with Viruddha to them. This Viruddha Ahara may be in terms of properties, combination, processing, place, time, dose etc. or natural composition. The entire diet, which excites the dosha but does not eliminate it out of the body, becomes harmful (Sharma & Samhita, 2017).

Acharya Sushruta explain the Viruddha Ahara in Chapter-20 Hitahit in described below:

• Sanyoga Viruddha

• Karma Viruddha

• Mana Viruddha

• Rasa – Virya – Vipaka Viruddha (Murthy, Srikantha, & Samhita, 2017)

Sanyoga Viruddha

Some substances in combination with some others become similar to visha sush as; Valliphala kavaka, Karira, amla phala, lavana, kulathha, pinyaka, dadhi, taila, virohi (germinated grains), pista, Shushkashaka, the meat of goat and sheep, wine, jambuphala, chilichim, matsya, the meat of godha, varaha etc. should never be consumed along with milk.

Further on, We will describe some other substances, which in their combinations are unsuitable such as the following –

• The meat of animals living in villages, marshy lands, and water should not be consumed combined with freshly harvested grains, sprouted grains, muscles fat, honey, milk, jaggery, and black gram.

• Rohini shaka or Jatuka shaka should not be partaken mixed with milk or honey.

• The meat of the balaka bird should not be consumed with Varuni.

• Kakamachi should not be consumed with pippali and maricha.

• Nadibhangshaka, kukkuta curd should not be taken together.

• Honey followed by hot water as after drink, uncooked meat along with pitta, sura, khichdi along with green gram and payasa should not mixed together.

• Papadi of tila should not be mixed together Sauviraka.

• The product of sugarcane along with fish should not be mixed together.

Karma Viruddha

Now I would describe the examples of Karma Viruddha in given below- (Singhal & Samhita, 2007)

• The pigeon fried in mustard oil should not be taken.

• The meat of kapinjala peacock, lava, tittira and godha cooked in eranda or daruharidra wood fire or cooked with eranda oil should not be eaten

• The ghrita kept in a kamsya pot for ten days should not be eaten.

• The honey should neither be taken with hot substances nor in the summer season.

• The Kakamachi cooked in a pot in which fish or ginger have already been cooked should not be taken.

• The vegetable of Upadika cooked with tila paste should not be taken.

• The meat of bakala fried with the fat of a pig should not be eaten along with coconut.

• The meat of Bhasa cooked on an iron rod should also not be eaten.

Mana Viruddha

Now I would describe the examples of Mana Viruddha is given below-

• Honey and water, as also honey and ghrita, should not be eaten in equal quantities.

• Two different types of fats, honey and fat, and water and fat should not be taken in equal quantities. (Singhal et al., 2007)

Rasa – Virya – Vipaka Viruddha

Now I would describe the groups of two tastes that are incompatible from the points of taste, potency and final taste after digestion of the substances. (Ambikaditta & Samhita, 2015)

Examples of Rasa- Virya- Vipaka Viruddha is given below-

• Madhura and Amla, Madhura and lavana are Rasa and Virya Viruddha.

• Madhura and Katu are Viruddha from all points of view.

• Madhura and Tikta, Madhura and Kashaya Rasa, are Rasa and Vipaka Viruddha.

• Amla and Lavana rasa are only for Rasa Viruddha.

• Amla and Katuka rasa, these are Rasa and Vipaka Viruddha.

• Amla and Tikta, Amla and Kashaya rasa Viruddha in all respects.

• Lavana and Katu rasa, are Viruddha in Rasa and Vipaka.

• Lavana and Tikta rasa, Lavana and Kashaya rasa are Viruddha in all respects.

• Katu and Tikta rasa, Katu and Kashaya rasa Viruddha in Rasa and Virya.

• Tikta and Kashaya rasa are Viruddha in relation to rasa.

Diseases Due to Viruddha Ahara According to Acharya Charaka

Due to Intake of unwholesome diet, responsible for the causation of- (Samhita & Narayana, 2017)

• Napunsakata (Sterility)

• Andhapana (blindness)

• Visharpa (erysipelas)

• Jalodara (ascites)

• Visphota (eruption)

• Unmada (insanity)

• Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano)

• Murchha (faintiong)

• Mada (intoxication)

• Aadhmana (tympanitis)

• Galagraha (spasm in throat)

• Pandu (anaemia)

• Amavisha

• Kalasa (Leucoderma)

• Kushtha roga (Leprosy)

• Grahaniroga

• Shotha (oedema)

• Amlapitta (acid gastritis)

• Jwara (fever)

• Peenasa (rhinitis)

• Santanadosha (foetal diseases)

• Mritu (death)

Diseases Due to Viruddha Ahara According to Acharya Vagbhatta

Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned that due to intake of Viruddha Ahara, various types of diseases appears, which are listed below- (Atrideva & Samgraha, 2011)

• Visphota

• Shopha

• Mada

• Vidradhi

• Gulma

• Yakshma

• Tejas

• Bala

• Smriti

• Indriya and Chitta

• Jwara (Fever)

• Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)

• Ashta mahagadas (eight mahagadas)

Treatment

These are the measures, which are used to counteract the above and other disorders caused by antagonistic – Such as Vamana (emesis), Virechana (purgation), use of antidotes for pacification and conditioning of the body with similar substances. (Samhita & Sharma, 2017)

Purgation, emesis, pacification and use of wholesome substance alleviates the disorders caused by antagonistic food. The antagonism becomes insert due to suitability, small quantity, strong digestive power, in young age and persons having unction, physical exercise, and strength.

Conclusion

This study can be concluded that various kinds of Viruddha Ahara are mentioned in different Ayurvedic texts, and due to this, Viruddha Ahara different types of diseases appears in our body. So if we follow the right rule of taking food mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, we will be free from these types of diseases in our life. From today perspective, we also follow healthy food habits in our daily routine.

Funding Support

The authors declare that they have no funding support for this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.