Introduction

A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been recognised in humans before. Coronaviruses acquired their name as if they seem under a microscope. The virus consists of a core of genetic material surrounded by a covering by protein spikes. This gives it the look of a coronet or crown. In the Latin language, the meaning of the word Corona means “crown”. (Cascella, Rajnik, Cuomo, & Dulebohn, 2020) Usually Coronaviruses present with respiratory symptoms. This may include Respiratory symptoms, pyrexia, cough dyspnea, fatigue, sore throat etc. This virus primarily spreads through droplets of saliva or nasal discharge of coughs or sneezes of the infected person. Person to person contact thought to be the primary method of transmission for this virus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.). At present, there is no specific vaccine or efficient antiviral treatment for coronavirus. (WHO, an outbreak of COVID 19) Thus prevention is only the solution at present. Lockdown, a phrase typically used as a substitute for “mass quarantine”, is classically derived from “stay-at-home” or “shelter-in-place” Nearly all people who become sick with COVID-19 will only experience mild sickness and can get well at home. Symptoms might last a few days, and people who have the virus might recover in a week. Management must be intended towards alleviating symptoms which include rest, fluid intake, and pain relievers. Ayurveda believes that wellbeing depends on the equilibrium between circulatory (Vata), metabolic (Pitta), and matter (Kapha) and ideal coordination among the intelligence, body, and spirit. It aims to advance good health, not just fight disease. This similar mechanism may also play out in the COVID-19 infected cases. Ayurveda's broad information base on preventive care developed from the concepts of 'Dinacharya'-daily regimes and 'Ritucharya'-seasonal regimes, The attentiveness about oneself and harmony with nature can attain sturdy immunity, which has been highlight across Ayurveda's classical scriptures. Considering these details, an attempt has been made to screen classical literature for the information which can be used as a home remedy for this pandemic disease.

Materials and Methods

This review article is emphasised on Ayurvedic home Remedies in the direction of Protection against COVID-19. Classical texts of Ayurveda were studied in detail, and information was gathered along with related research articles and websites. Collected data was later compiled, analysed, and discussed for a comprehensive understanding of effective pharmacological action to think about utilising it.

Observation and Result

“Ayurveda broadly describes lots of way on protective care through Dinacharya and Ritucharya, It is a plant-based science and improving immunity has been emphasised in many numbers of ways in Ayurveda text,” detail preventive, as well as curative remedies, are summarised in Table 1 and Table 2.

DISCUSSION

On 31st December 2019, many people identified with the symptoms of dry cough, dyspnea, fever , and bilateral lung infiltrates. Twenty-seven cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology were identified in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China. The causative agent was recognised from throat swab samples and afterwards called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) The mechanism of the spread of this disease there is uncertain, but current information and researches show that the virus transmitted from human-to-human through respiratory fomites. Various bodies such as WHO, C.D.C. have issued recommendations such as wearing masks, P.P.E., avoid travelling in crowded areas use of hand wash and sanitisers, etc. for preventing more spread of COVID 19 (Sohrabi, Alsafi, O’neill, & Khan, 2020), They also say that senior citizens and people with medical history like cardiac disorders, diabetes, etc. are at risk during this pandemic. At present, no effective treatment or vaccine is available for COVID-19 Modern medical and health systems are being tested for proper and effective management for COVID-19. However, there are some gaps. So prevention is better than cure during this time.

The main slogan of Ayurveda is swasthasya swastha rakshanam that is to prevent the health of a healthy person. Ayurveda explains preventive and curative measures based on Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Ahar rasayan, Vihar rasayan and aushadh rasayan which helps to attain strong immunity, Rasayana therapy includes lifestyle, diet, and medicine which improve growth, delay aging, encourage tissue regeneration, and stimulate immunity. This therapy causes immunomodulation and restoration of immune hemostasis (Agarwal, Diwanay, Patki, & Patwardhan, 1999). Numerous Rasayana in Ayurveda is used in medical practice for increasing immunity.

This may include potential immunomodulators like Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia, Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Phyllanthus embelica (Amalaki), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashtimadhu) etc. (Balasubramani, Venkatasubramanian, Kukkupuni, & Patwardhan, 2011). Such Rasayana may be considered for prophylaxis of COVID-19 and as an add-on treatment. Kaval or Gandush (gargling) with Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome, yashtimadhu or liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) stem, neem (Azadiracta indica) and catechu (Acacia arabica) barks, and natural salt clean the oral cavity, pharynx, and tonsillar area and coat the mucosa and provide additional immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial advantage (Shanbhag, 2017).

Nasya with medicated oil or ghee protects from the entry of pathogen through the respiratory tract. This can aid as a barrier to the entry of the virus. (Vinjamury, Vinjamury, Sucharitakul, & Ziegler, 2012) one of the research in chine already anticipated the utility of nasal oil application for preventing SARS-COV-2 infection (Fan, Zeng, & Xu, 2020). Dhoompan (inhalation of medicated smoke) improves nasal conditioning, nasal mucus velocity, and reducing congestion and inflammation (Vathanophas, Pattamakajonpong, Assanasen, & Suwanwech, 2019). Ayurveda also explains that mental conditions and emotions also affect immunity. There may be chances to increase the risk of respiratory infection due to poor mental health (Maxwell, Barrett, Chase, & Brown, 2015). Vegavarodh is another concept explained by Ayurveda which is responsible for lowering immunity. Pranayam, Meditation, and Yoga can overcome all these. Pranayam improves lung function (Abel, Lloyd, & Williams, 2013). Pranayam like Bhramari increases the nasal nitric oxide, which acts as bactericidal. Meditation reduces the inflammation and also manipulate viral markers for specific immune response (Morgan, Irwin, Chung, & Wang, 2014). Hence, these simple and feasible measures based on Ayurveda and Yoga can be carried out in daily routine as Remedies for Protection against COVID-19.

Conclusion

People are over stressed by the force and compulsion of social distancing and physical barrier methods. They are expected to find ease and bear in some of the traditional practices that may guard them against the infection and its associated devastating situation. Ayurveda, yoga, and meditation are engaging the community in creating a more positive and healthy environment. These streams draw the attention towards their new perspective of traditional medicine systems and accepting an integrative approach in the search for solutions for the COVID 19 crisis. It is high time to hold integration with an open mind.